Catalytic substrate surface
There is disclosed a catalytic substrate surface where in the substrate surface comprises particles in the size range 2-500 nm, said particles comprising TiO 2 , wherein at least 50 wt % of the Ti in the particles is leachable in 37% HCl. A method for its manufacture is also provided. One advantage is that the higher fractions of Ti leachable in 37% HCl give a better coating with better adhesion, in particular on objects comprising protonatable acidic oxides, such as SiO 2 . The higher fraction of Ti leachable in 37% HCl gives better transparency and dispersion stability. The resulting surface exhibits both improved activity and improved adhesion of the particles. There is no color change and/or speckles on the substrate, allowing anti-pollution surfaces to be produced also on decorative surfaces. The TiO 2 -comprising layer is thin and easily applied in the production line.
1. A substrate comprising a surface, said surface comprising particles having an average size in the range 5-50 nm, said particles comprising TiO 2 , wherein at least 55 wt % of the total amount of Ti in the particles is leachable in 37% HCl, wherein the leachability is determined by treating TiO 2 particles in 37% HCl at 55° C. for an extended period of several hours, until a plateau value for the concentration of leached material in the HCl is reached, wherein said substrate comprises protonatable acidic oxides, wherein at least a part of the particles comprise at least one core and a surrounding layer, and wherein the at least one core comprises at least 95 wt % anatase.
2. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein said substrate comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of cement, stone, silicate, and aluminasilicate.
3. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein each of said particles comprise at least one crystalline part and a layer, which layer at least partially surrounds the at least one crystalline part, wherein 90 wt % or more of the total amount of Ti leachable in 37% HCl is in the layer.
4. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is porous and wherein there is a porous substructure below the surface and wherein at least a part of the particles have penetrated at least 200 μm into the porous substructure.
5. The substrate according to claim 4 , wherein at least 65 wt % of catalytically active TiO 2 is in the porous substructure.
6. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate exhibits a removal of nitric oxide as measured according to ISO 22197-1:2007 of at least 60 wt %.
7. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the surface is free of binder.
8. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein at least 60 wt % of the total amount of Ti in the particles is leachable in 37% HCl.
9. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein at least 65 wt % of the total amount of Ti in the particles is leachable in 37% HCl.
10. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein at least 70 wt % of the total amount of Ti in the particles is leachable in 37% HCl.
11. A method of manufacturing a substrate with surface particles according to claim 1 , said method comprising the steps of:
a) preparing a dispersion comprising particles having an average size in the range 5-50 nm, said particles comprising TiO 2 , wherein at least 55 wt % of the total amount of Ti in the particles is leachable in 37% HCl, wherein the leachability is determined by treating TiO 2 particles in 37% HCl at 55° C. for an extended period of several hours, until a plateau value for the concentration of leached material in the HCl is reached, wherein at least a part of the particles comprises at least one core and a surrounding layer, and wherein the at least one core comprises at least 95 wt % anatase;
b) contacting the dispersion with a substrate comprising protonatable acidic oxides, and
c) drying the substrate.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the dispersion comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanol amine.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the amount of TiO 2 is from 0.5 to 200 g/m 2 .
14. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the amount of TiO 2 is lower than 30 g/m 2 .
15. The method according to claim 11 , wherein a precursor dispersion is contacted with the substrate prior to contacting the dispersion with the substrate.
16. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the pH of the dispersion comprising particles is adjusted to a value of 8-11.
17. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the substrate is dried by heating to a temperature not exceeding 250° C.
18. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the dispersion is aqueous and has the ability to form a gel with increased viscosity upon drying.