Pipettes, methods of use, and methods of stimulating an object of interest

1. A system adapted and configured to generate a localized flow circulation zone, the system comprising:

a free-standing microfluidic pipette comprising three or more channels with exits separated from each other by an outer surface of the pipette;

a controller programmed to control fluid flows through each of the three or more channels to generate a localized recirculating fluid flow path outside the pipette, wherein:

(a) liquid leaving the microfluidic pipette through at least one outlet channel exit is withdrawn through at least two inlet channel exits; and

(b):

(i) a ratio of inlet channel exits to outlet channel exits in the microfluidic pipette is greater than 1:1 or

(ii) a total cross-sectional area of the at least two inlet channel exits is greater than a total cross-sectional area of the at least one outlet channel exit; and

one or more electrodes adapted and configured to be in communication with fluid in one or more of the three or more channels or the localized recirculating fluid flow path.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrodes are adapted and configured to electroporate an object of interest.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrodes are located on a microelectrode surface.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrodes are embedded in the free-standing microfluidic pipette.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrodes are positioned to be in communication with fluid in one or more of the three or more channels.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the free-standing microfluidic pipette is adapted and configured to collect fluid from the at least two inlet channel exits.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the free-standing microfluidic pipette includes one or more sensors.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the free-standing microfluidic pipette includes one or more valves.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the microfluidic pipette further comprises one or more common channels adapted and configured to be in communication with one or more exits and two or more channels.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the one or more common channels are adapted and configured to switch, mix, aliquot, or dilute fluids between two or more channel entrances and one or more channel exits.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the channels are parallel to a plane defined by a bottom surface of the microfluidic pipette, and a distance from one or more exits to said plane is between about 0.001 and about 2 times the height of the one or more exits.

12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the exits are separated from each other by a distance between about 0.5 and about 2 times a largest cross-sectional dimension of one or more outlet channel exits.

13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the free-standing microfluidic pipette further includes a fluid switching point adapted and configured to be in communication with the outlet channel, the fluid switching point adapted and configured to switch between a plurality of fluids.

14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the exits are arranged in a side-by-side arrangement in which an outlet channel exit is positioned between two inlet channel exits.

15. A method of solution exchange comprising:

providing the system of claim 1 ;

positioning the free-standing microfluidic pipette adjacent to an object of interest in an open volume; and

utilizing the controller to control fluid flows through the channels to generate the localized recirculating fluid flow path outside the pipette and adjacent to the object of interest in an open volume, wherein the liquid leaving the microfluidic pipette through at least one outlet channel exit contacts the object of interest before circulating back and being withdrawn into the at least two inlet channel exits adjacent to the at least one outlet channel exit on the microfluidic pipette.

16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:

applying one or more device to the object of interest, the one or more device selected from the group consisting of: a glass capillary, a patch pipette, an electrode, a microelectrode, an optical fiber, and another device of claim 1 .

17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

applying one or more techniques selected from the group consisting of electroporation and electrophysiological measurement.

18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the object of interest is a biological cell and the method further comprises:

transporting cellular responses into the free-standing microfluidic pipette.

19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:

utilizing an optical observation device adapted and configured to facilitate positioning of the exits of the microfluidic pipette adjacent to the object of interest.

20. A system adapted and configured to generate a localized flow circulation zone, the system comprising:

a free-standing microfluidic pipette comprising:

three or more channels including at least two inlet channels and at least one outlet channel with exits separated from each other by an outer surface of the pipette; and

a fluid switching point adapted and configured to be in communication with the at least one outlet channel, the fluid switching point adapted and configured to switch between a plurality of fluids; and

a controller programmed to control fluid flows through each of the three or more channels to generate a localized recirculating fluid flow path outside the pipette, wherein:

(a) liquid leaving the microfluidic pipette through at least one outlet channel exit is withdrawn through at least two inlet channel exits; and

(b):

(i) a ratio of inlet channel exits to outlet channel exits in the microfluidic pipette is greater than 1:1 or

(ii) a total cross-sectional area of the at least two inlet channel exits is greater than a total cross-sectional area of the at least one outlet channel exit.