Quench protected structured superconducting cable
Quench protected structured (QPS) superconducting cables, methods of fabricating the same, and methods of bending the same are disclosed. The methods of bending the QPS superconducting cables can be employed to produce windings. The QPS superconducting cables can rapidly drive a distributed quench to a normal conducting state in a superconducting cable if a region of the cable spontaneously quenches during high current operation.
1. A quench protected structured (QPS) superconducting cable, comprising:
a spring tube;
a plurality of superconducting wires disposed around the spring tube;
a sheath surrounding the plurality of superconducting wires and the spring tube; and
a plurality of quench heater wires,
wherein the spring tube comprises a plurality of perforations, and
wherein each quench heater wire of the plurality of quench heater wires is a resistive wire that generates heat as current passes through it.
2. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of quench heater wires are distributed among the plurality of superconducting wires within the sheath.
3. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of quench heater wires are provided external to the sheath.
4. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 3 wherein the plurality of quench heater wires are distributed on an outer surface of the sheath.
5. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 1 , wherein the superconducting wires of the plurality of superconducting wires are cabled with a twist pitch around the spring tube and are confined within the sheath.
6. The QPS superconducting cable of claim 1 , wherein the spring tube is filled with a cryogen that passes through the plurality of perforations in the spring tube and thereby fills interstitial space between the sheath and the plurality of superconducting wires.
7. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of superconducting wires includes at least one of the following materials: NbTi/Cu; Nb 3 Sn/Cu; Bi-2212/Ag; MgB 2 /Monel; ferropnictide; Bi-2223; YBCO; and rare-earth-based barium carbonates (ReBCO).
8. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 7 , wherein each superconducting wire of the plurality of superconducting wires is cylindrical or is a flat ribbon.
9. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 2 , further comprising at least one layer of thermally conducting and electrically insulating tape spiral-wrapped around the plurality of superconducting wires, the plurality of quench heater wires, and the spring tube within the sheath.
10. A quench protected structured (QPS) superconducting cable, comprising:
a spring tube;
a plurality of superconducting wires disposed around the spring tube; and
a sheath surrounding the plurality of superconducting wires and the spring tube,
wherein the spring tube comprises a plurality of perforations, and
wherein the QPS superconducting cable further comprises a plurality of resistive wires, equal in number to the plurality of superconducting wires, cabled with the plurality of superconducting wires so that a first resistive wire of the plurality of resistive wires is located at a V-crevice formed between two contiguous superconducting wires of the plurality of superconducting wires, so that a radius of an outermost point on the first resistive wire from the center of the cable equals the radius of an outermost point on the two contiguous superconducting wires.
11. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 10 , wherein the plurality of resistive wires is coated with an insulator.
12. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 10 , wherein each resistive wire of the plurality of resistive wires comprises a metal alloy.
13. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 12 , wherein the metal alloy comprises stainless steel of Monel.
14. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 11 , wherein the insulator is a uniform film of any of a ceramic, a glass, and a polymer.
15. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 1 , wherein the sheath comprises any one of: a fiber-glass cloth; and a fiberglass tape applied to an outer surface of the plurality of superconducting wires.
16. The QPS superconducting cable of claim 10 , wherein the spring tube is filled with a cryogen that passes through the plurality of perforations in the spring tube and thereby fills interstitial space between the sheath and the plurality of superconducting wires.
17. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 10 , wherein the plurality of superconducting wires includes at least one of the following materials: NbTi/Cu; Nb 3 Sn/Cu; Bi-2212/Ag; MgB 2 /Monel; ferropnictide; Bi-2223; YBCO; and rare-earth-based barium carbonates (ReBCO).
18. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 17 , wherein each superconducting wire of the plurality of superconducting wires is cylindrical or is a flat ribbon.
19. The QPS superconducting cable according to claim 10 , wherein the sheath comprises any one of: a fiber-glass cloth; and a fiberglass tape applied to an outer surface of the plurality of superconducting wires.