Methods for additively manufacturing composite parts
A method of additively manufacturing a composite part comprises depositing a segment of a continuous flexible line along a print path. The continuous flexible line comprises a non-resin component and a photopolymer-resin component that is partially cured. The method also comprises delivering a predetermined or actively determined amount of curing energy at least to a portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at a controlled rate while advancing the continuous flexible line toward the print path and after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path to at least partially cure at least the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line.
1. A method of additively manufacturing a composite part, the method comprising:
depositing a segment of a continuous flexible line along a print path, wherein the continuous flexible line comprises a non-resin component and a photopolymer-resin component that is partially cured; and
delivering a ring of curing energy that intersects at least a portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line while advancing the continuous flexible line toward the print path to at least partially cure at least the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line, wherein the ring of the curing energy is delivered by at least one galvanometer mirror-positioning system.
2. The method according to claim 1 ,
wherein delivering the ring of the curing energy comprises delivering a predetermined or actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at a controlled rate while advancing the continuous flexible line toward the print path and after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path to at least partially cure at least the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the continuous flexible line comprises a prepreg composite material; and
the non-resin component comprises one or more of a fiber, a carbon fiber, a glass fiber, a synthetic organic fiber, an aramid fiber, a natural fiber, a wood fiber, a boron fiber, a silicon-carbide fiber, an optical fiber, a fiber bundle, a fiber tow, a fiber weave, a wire, a metal wire, a conductive wire, and a wire bundle.
4. The method ( 300 ) according to claim 1 , wherein depositing the segment ( 120 ) of the continuous flexible line ( 106 ) along the print path ( 122 ) comprises layering the continuous flexible line ( 106 ) against itself to additively manufacture the composite part ( 102 ).
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path comprises depositing the continuous flexible line in a predetermined pattern to selectively control one or more physical characteristics of the composite part.
6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein at least one of depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path or delivering the predetermined or actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate provides different physical characteristics at different locations of the composite part.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the physical characteristics include at least one of strength, stiffness, flexibility, or hardness.
8. The method according to claim 2 , wherein delivering the predetermined or actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate comprises partially curing a first layer of the segment of the continuous flexible line as the first layer is being deposited and further curing the first layer as a second layer is being deposited against the first layer.
9. The method according to claim 2 , wherein delivering the predetermined or actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate comprises curing less than an entirety of the composite part.
10. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising restrictively curing at least a portion of the composite part.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the portion of the composite part is restrictively cured to facilitate subsequent processing of the portion of the composite part.
12. The method according to claim 2 , wherein delivering the predetermined or actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate comprises selectively varying at least one of a delivery rate or a delivery duration of the curing energy to impart varying physical characteristics to the composite part.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the varying physical characteristics include at least one of strength, stiffness, flexibility, or hardness.
14. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path, compacting at least a section of the segment of the continuous flexible line after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein compacting at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path comprises imparting a desired cross-sectional shape to the segment of the continuous flexible line.
16. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path, roughening at least a section of the segment of the continuous flexible line after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path.
17. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising, simultaneously with roughening at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line, collecting debris resulting from roughening at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line.
18. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising selectively cutting the continuous flexible line.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the continuous flexible line is selectively cut simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path.
20. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with delivering the ring of the curing energy, at least partially protecting at least the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line from oxidation after the segment exits a delivery guide.
21. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path, detecting defects in the composite part.
22. The method according to claim 1 ,
wherein delivering the ring of the curing energy comprises delivering an actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at a controlled rate while advancing the continuous flexible line toward the print path and after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path to at least partially cure at least the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line to a desired level of cure, wherein the actively determined amount of the curing energy is based on real-time data sensed from the continuous flexible line as it is being deposited, and wherein the real-time data includes hardness, color, temperature, or glow of the continuous flexible line.
23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein delivering the actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate comprises partially curing a first layer of the segment of the continuous flexible line as the first layer is being deposited and further curing the first layer as a second layer is being deposited against the first layer.
24. The method according to claim 22 , wherein delivering the actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate comprises curing less than an entirety of the composite part.
25. The method according to claim 22 , wherein delivering the actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate comprises restrictively curing at least a portion of the composite part, wherein the portion of the composite part is restrictively cured to facilitate subsequent processing of the portion of the composite part.
26. The method according to claim 22 , wherein delivering the actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate comprises selectively varying at least one of a delivery rate or a delivery duration of the curing energy to impart varying physical characteristics to the composite part, wherein the varying physical characteristics include at least one of strength, stiffness, flexibility, or hardness.