Methods and systems for toxin delivery to the nasal cavity
Methods and systems for delivering toxin and toxin fragments to a patient's nasal cavity provide for both release of the toxin and delivery of energy which selectively porates target cells to enhance uptake of the toxin. The use of energy-mediated delivery is particularly advantageous with light chain fragment toxins which lack cell binding capacity.
1. A method for treating a nasal condition in a patient, said method comprising:
inserting an applicator tip of an apparatus through a nostril of the patient and into a nasal cavity of the patient, wherein the applicator tip comprises an inner expandable member and an outer expandable member extending around the inner expandable member,
wherein the inner expandable member is expanded in the nasal cavity thereby causing the outer expandable member to expand and contact a wall of the nasal cavity, and
wherein a toxin is delivered from the expanded outer expandable member to target cells in the wall of the nasal cavity.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the toxin comprises a light chain fragment of a neurotoxin substantially free of heavy chain fragments of the neurotoxin.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the neurotoxin consists of botulinum toxin.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the light chain fragment is derived from at least one of botulinum toxins A, B, C, D, E, F, and G.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner expandable member is disposed within the outer expandable member.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the toxin is either: (i) carried by the outer expandable member or (ii) disposed in a space between the outer and inner expandable members.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outer expandable member comprises an outer balloon and the toxin is delivered by passing the toxin through one or more pores of the outer balloon.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the inner expandable member comprises an inner balloon.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the inner expandable member is expanded by filling the inner balloon with a fluid.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying energy to the target cells to enhance delivery of the toxin to the target cells.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein applying energy to the target cells comprises porating cell membranes of the target cells.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner expandable member substantially fills the nasal cavity when expanded, thereby inhibiting release of the toxin into portions of the nasal cavity other than the wall.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the toxin is delivered by delivering a therapeutic dose to the wall of the nasal cavity while inhibiting release of the toxin into other portions of the nasal cavity.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a handle and at least one member connected to the handle, wherein the handle has a compressed configuration and an expanded configuration, and wherein the at least one member comprises the applicator tip.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the applicator tip is inserted into the nasal cavity with the handle in the compressed configuration.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the handle is biased to be in the expanded configuration such that when the applicator tip is inserted into the nasal cavity, the applicator tip is pressed against a nasal turbinate of the nasal cavity.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the at least one member comprises a first member and a second member, the first member comprising a first applicator tip and the second member comprising a second applicator tip.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein inserting the applicator tip comprises inserting the first applicator tip through a first nostril of the patient and inserting the second applicator tip through a second nostril of the patient.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner expandable member comprises a spring element.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outer expandable member comprises a dry sponge.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applicator tip carries a predetermined amount of the toxin necessary to provide a therapeutic effect.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the toxin is delivered at a rate proportionate with a rate of toxin absorption across a nasal membrane of the patient.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outer expandable member when expanded is configured to match a shape of at least a portion of the nasal cavity.
24. A method for treating a nasal condition in a patient, said method comprising:
inserting a first applicator tip and a second applicator tip of an apparatus respectively through a first nostril and a second nostril of the patient and into a nasal cavity of the patient with a handle of the apparatus,
wherein the first applicator tip and the second applicator tip each comprise an inner expandable member and an outer expandable member extending around the inner expandable member,
wherein the inner expandable members are expanded in the nasal cavity thereby causing the outer expandable member to expand and contact a wall of the nasal cavity, and
wherein a toxin is delivered from the expanded outer expandable members to target cells in the wall of the nasal cavity.