Optimal interstrand bridge for collagen mimics
Novel collagen-mimetic peptides are disclosed comprising the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) n , where the amino acid at one of the Xaa positions is substituted with a homocysteine residue. Also disclosed are multi-stranded novel collagen-mimetic peptides comprising a first strand as described above that is covalently bonded with a disulfide bridge to a second strand comprising the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) m , where the amino acid at one of the Yaa positions is substituted with a cysteine residue. Disulfide formation between the terminal thiol sulfur of the homocysteine residue of the first strand and the terminal thiol sulfur of the cysteine residue of the second strand reveals unstrained bridges that enhance the structure and substantially improve the stability of collagen triple helices as compared to other possible disulfide or thioether bridges. Thus, the disclosed collagen mimetic peptides have improved stability, and can be used to produce optimized collagen-like fibrillar assemblies for wound healing and other biomedical applications.
1. A multistranded collagen-mimetic peptide comprising a first strand consisting of the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) n -Hcy-Yaa-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) m , wherein Gly is glycine, Hcy is homocysteine, each Xaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and lysine, and each Yaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and lysine, and (i) n is zero or 1-16 and m is a positive integer from 1-16, or (ii) n is a positive integer from 1-16 and m is zero or any positive integer from 1-16; and a second strand consisting of the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) p -Xaa-Cys-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) q , wherein Gly is glycine, Cys is cysteine, each Xaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and lysine, and each Yaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and lysine, and (i) p is zero or any positive integer from 1-16 and q is a positive integer from 1-16 or (ii) p is a positive integer from 1-16 and q is zero or any positive integer from 1-16;
wherein the first and second strands are covalently bonded with a disulfide bond between the sulfur atom of the thiol side chain of the homocysteine residue of the first strand and the sulfur atom of the thiol side chain of the cysteine residue of the second strand.
2. The multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptide of claim 1 , wherein each Xaa and each Yaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and lysine.
3. The multistrand collagen-mimetic peptide of claim 1 , wherein each Xaa is proline and each Yaa is hydroxyproline or proline.
4. The multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptide of claim 1 , wherein the sum of p+q is from 1 to 16.
5. A multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptide comprising:
(a) a first strand consisting of the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) n -Hcy-Yaa-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) m , wherein Gly is glycine, Hcy is homocysteine, each Xaa is selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and lysine, and each Yaa is selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and lysine, and (i) n is zero or any positive integer from 1-16 and m is a positive integer from 1-16, or (ii) n is a positive integer from 1-16 and m is zero or any positive integer from 1-16; and
(b) a second strand consisting of formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) p -Xaa-Cys-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) q -Hcy-Yaa-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) r or (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) p -Hcy-Yaa-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) q -Xaa-Cys-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) r , wherein Gly is glycine, Cys is cysteine, each Xaa and each Yaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and lysine, and p, q and r are independently any positive integer from 1-16.
6. The multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptide of claim 5 , further comprising (c) a third strand consisting of the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) j -Xaa-Cys-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) k , wherein Gly is glycine, Cys is cysteine, each Xaa and each Yaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and a lysine, and j and k are independently any positive integer from 1-16;
wherein the second and third strands are covalently bonded with a disulfide bond between the sulfur atom of the thiol side chain of the homocysteine residue of the second strand and the sulfur atom of the thiol side chain of the cysteine residue of the third strand.
7. The multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptide of claim 6 , wherein (n+m+1)=(p+q+r+2); (p+q+r+2)=(j+k+1); or both.
8. The multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptide of claim 6 , wherein one of the homocysteine residues is substituted with a cysteine residue, such that either the first and second or the second and third strands are covalently bonded with a Cys-Cys disulfide bond.
9. A synthetic collagen-like fibrillar assembly comprising a plurality of the multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptides of claim 1 .
10. A composition comprising the synthetic collagen-like fibrillar assembly of claim 9 and a therapeutic agent.
11. A kit comprising a plurality of the multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptides of claim 1 .
12. The kit of claim 11 , further comprising a therapeutic agent.
13. A method of making a multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptide comprising the step of forming a covalent disulfide bond between a first strand consisting of the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) n -Hcy-Yaa-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) m , wherein Gly is glycine, Hcy is homocysteine, each Xaa and each Yaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and a lysine, (i) n is zero or any positive integer from 1-16 and m is any positive integer from 1-16 or (ii) n is a positive integer from 1-16 and m is zero or any positive integer from 1-16; and a second strand consisting of the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) p -Xaa-Cys-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) q , wherein Gly is glycine, Cys is cysteine, each Xaa and each Yaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and a lysine, (i) p is zero or any positive integer from 1-16 and q is any positive integer from 1-16 or (ii) p is a positive integer from 1-16 and q is zero or any positive integer;
wherein the covalent disulfide bond is formed between the sulfur atom of the thiol side chain of the homocysteine residue of the first strand and the sulfur atom of the thiol side chain of the cysteine residue of the second strand.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein each Xaa is proline and each Yaa is proline or hydroxyproline.
15. A method of making a multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptide comprising the step of forming a covalent disulfide bond between a first strand consisting of the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) n -Hcy-Yaa-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) m , wherein Gly is glycine, Hcy is homocysteine, each Xaa and each Yaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and a lysine, (i) n is zero or any positive integer from 1-16 and m is any positive integer from 1-16 or (ii) n is a positive integer from 1-16 and m is zero or any positive integer from 1-16; and
a second strand consisting of the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) p -Xaa-Cys-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) q -Hcy-Yaa-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) r or (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) p -Hcy-Yaa-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) q -Xaa-Cys-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) r , wherein Gly is glycine, Cys is cysteine, each Xaa and each Yaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and a lysine, and p, q and r are independently zero or any positive integer from 1-16,
wherein the covalent disulfide bond is formed between the sulfur atom of the thiol side chain of the homocysteine residue of the first strand and the sulfur atom of the thiol side chain of the cysteine residue of the second strand.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising the step of forming a covalent disulfide bond between the sulfur atom of the thiol side chain of the homocysteine residue of the second strand and the sulfur atom of the thiol side chain of the cysteine residue of a third strand, wherein the third strand is consists of the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) j -Xaa-Cys-Gly-(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) k , wherein Gly is glycine, Cys is cysteine, each Xaa and each Yaa is independently selected from the group consisting of proline, hydroxyproline, and a lysine, and j and k are independently zero or any positive integer from 1-16.
17. A method of making a synthetic collagen-like fibrillar assembly, comprising the step of contacting a first multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptide of claim 1 with one or more second multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptides of claim 1 , whereby the first and second multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptides self-assemble into a larger synthetic collagen-like fibrillar assembly.
18. A method of facilitating wound healing, comprising the step of contacting a wound with a composition comprising the multi-stranded collagen-mimetic peptide of claim 1 , thereby facilitating the healing of the wound.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the composition further comprises a therapeutic agent.
20. The multistrand collagen mimetic peptide of claim 1 , wherein the first strand is (Pro-Pro-Gly) 5 -Hcy-Pro-Gly-(Pro-Pro-Gly) 4 and the second strand is (Pro-Pro-Gly) 4 -Pro-Cys-Gly-(Pro-Pro-Gly) 5 , wherein Pro is proline, Gly is glycine Hcy is homocysteine and Cys is cysteine.
21. The multistrand collagen mimetic peptide of claim 1 , wherein the first strand is (Pro-Pro-Gly) 4 -Hcy-Pro-Gly-(Pro-Pro-Gly) 4 and the second strained is (Pro-Pro-Gly) 4 -Pro-Cys-Gly-(Pro-Pro-Gly) 5 , wherein Pro is proline and Gly is glycine, Hcy is homocysteine and Cys is cysteine.
22. A multistrand collagen mimetic peptide of claim 1 , wherein the first strand is (Pro-Hyp-Gly) 5 -Hcy-Hyp-Gly-(Pro-Hyp-Gly) 5 and the second strand is (Pro-Hyp-Gly) 2 -Pro-Cys-Gly-(Pro-Hyp-Gly) 5 , wherein Pro is proline, Hyp, is hydroxyproine, Gly is glycine, Hcy is homocysteine and Cys is cysteine.