Nanolaminate coatings
This disclosure includes coatings for increasing the physical and/or chemical properties of articles, for example, tubular metal articles such as those found in the oil and gas industry, as well as processes for making such coatings and articles comprising such coatings.
1. A method of coating a tubular article comprising:
forming a coated tubular article by applying an electrodeposited multilayered coating to at least a portion of a surface of the tubular article, the electrodeposited multilayered coating comprising a plurality of alternating layers comprising:
first layers comprising a first alloy comprising (i) nickel in a concentration of at least 50%, by weight, and (ii) cobalt; and
second layers comprising a second alloy comprising (i) nickel, and (ii) cobalt in a concentration ranging from 5% to 35% by weight, the second alloy being different than the first alloy;
wherein the tubular article has a composition and comprises a wall, an interior surface, and an exterior surface defining an exterior diameter, the tubular article having an exterior diameter/wall thickness (D/T) ratio;
wherein each of the first layers and each of said second layers independently have a thickness ranging from about 5 nm to about 250 nm; and
wherein a burst pressure and a collapse pressure of the coated tubular article are increased at least 5% relative to the tubular article or a substantially identical article having the same overall dimensions and composition but uncoated.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the first layers, the second layers, or both comprises two or more elements selected independently from the group consisting of Ag, Al, Au, Be, C, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Sb, Si, Sn, Pb, Ta, Ti, W, V, Zn, and Zr.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrodeposited multilayered coating has a thickness in a range from 1 micron to 5 cm.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the D/T ratio of the coated tubular article is about 21 and the collapse pressure is greater than about 8,000 psi.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of alternating layers further comprises third layers that are different than the first layers and the second layers.
6. A coated tubular article comprising:
a wall having a substantially cylindrical shape, the wall comprising a material having a composition, the wall having a wall thickness, an interior surface defining an interior diameter, and an exterior surface defining an exterior diameter; and
an electrodeposited multilayered coating on the interior surface or the exterior surface, the electrodeposited multilayered coating comprising a plurality of alternating layers comprising:
first layers comprising a first alloy comprising (i) nickel in a concentration of at least 50%, by weight, and (ii) cobalt; and
second layers comprising a second alloy comprising (i) nickel, and (ii) cobalt in a concentration ranging from 5% to 35%, by weight, the second alloy being different than the first alloy;
wherein the coated tubular article has a burst pressure and a collapse pressure that is at least 5% greater than the collapse pressure and burst pressure of an uncoated tubular article having substantially the same composition and dimensions in the absence of the electrodeposited multilayered coating on its interior or exterior surface.
7. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein the first layers each have a thickness selected independently from about 5 nm to about 250 nm.
8. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein the second layers each have a thickness selected independently from about 5 nm to about 250 nm.
9. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein one or more of the first layers or the second layers comprises one or more elements selected independently for each layer from the group consisting of Ag, Al, Au, Be, C, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Sb, Si, Sn, Pb, Ta, Ti, W, V, Zn, and Zr.
10. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein the electrodeposited multilayer coating has a thickness in a range from 1 micron to 5 cm.
11. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein the coated tubular article has an exterior diameter/wall thickness (D/T) ratio ranging from about 14 to about 15 and the burst pressure or the collapse pressure of the coated tubular article is increased from about 5% to about 22% relative to an uncoated pipe having the composition and substantially the same D/T ratio as the coated tubular article.
12. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein the coated tubular article has an exterior diameter/wall thickness (D/T) ratio ranging from about 15 to about 21 and the burst pressure or the collapse pressure of the coated tubular article is increased from about 10% to about 36% relative to an uncoated pipe having the composition and substantially the same D/T ratio as the coated tubular article.
13. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein a thickness of the electrodeposited multilayered coating is less than about 25% of the wall thickness.
14. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein the burst pressure and the collapse pressure of the coated tubular article is at least 10% greater than the collapse pressure and burst pressure of a pipe having substantially the same composition and dimensions in the absence of the electrodeposited multilayered coating on its interior or exterior surface.
15. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein the electrodeposited multilayered coating has a thickness ranging from 1 micron to 50 microns.
16. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein the wall comprises a steel alloy.
17. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein the electrodeposited multilayered coating is structurally or compositionally modulated.
18. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein the material of the wall is a metallic material.
19. The coated tubular article of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of alternating layers further comprises third layers that are different than the first layers and the second layers.