Molecular molybdenum persulfide and related catalysts for generating hydrogen from water
New metal persulfido compositions of matter are described. In one embodiment the metal is molybdenum and the metal persulfido complex mimics the structure and function of the triangular active edge site fragments of MoS 2 , a material that is the current industry standard for petroleum hydro desulfurization, as well as a promising low-cost alternative to platinum for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. This molecular [(PY5W 2 )MoS 2 ] x+ containing catalyst is capable of generating hydrogen from acidic-buffered water or even seawater at very low overpotentials at a turnover frequency rate in excess of 500 moles H 2 per mole catalyst per second, with a turnover number (over a 20 hour period) of at least 19,000,000 moles H 2 per mole of catalyst.
1. A method for deriving hydrogen from water comprising: dissolving an organo metal persulfide complex in a water bath, said water bath containing both an anode and a cathode, and an electrolyte, the water bath further maintained at a low pH, wherein the organo metal persulfide complex having the following structural formula:
wherein M is a high oxidation state metal molybdenum Mo, and W, X, Y, and Z are selected from the group comprising hydrogen, alkyl, aryl group, halide CF 3 , and SIR 3 , where substitutions at the X, Y, and Z positions are optimally optional, and the valance states x+ and x− of the ions are integers;
applying a negative potential to the cathode;
whereby the organo metal persulfide complex picks up electrons at the negative electrode, and thereafter reacts with water to release hydrogen.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein both x+ and x− equal 2.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the anion is CF 3 SO 3 .
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the water bath is maintained at a pH of less than 5.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the water bath is maintained at a pH of less than 4.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the water bath is maintained at a pH between 2.9 and 3.1.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the negative potential applied to the cathode is an overpotential of approximately −400 mV compared to the standard hydrogen electrode.