Data center coolant switch
A data center cooling system has an indoor portion wherein heat is absorbed from components in the data center, and an outdoor heat exchanger portion wherein outside air is used to cool a first heat transfer fluid (e.g., water) present in at least the outdoor heat exchanger portion of the cooling system during a first mode. When an appropriate time has been reached to switch from the first mode to a second mode, the outdoor heat exchanger portion of the data cooling system is switched to a second heat transfer fluid, which is a relatively low performance heat transfer fluid (compared to the first fluid). It has a second heat transfer fluid freezing point, lower than the first heat transfer fluid freezing point, and sufficiently low to operate without freezing when the outdoor air temperature drops below a first predetermined relationship with the first heat transfer fluid freezing point.
1. A system for cooling a data center, comprising:
an indoor portion wherein heat is absorbed from components in said data center during a first mode of operation and during a second mode of operation;
an outdoor heat exchanger portion wherein outside air is used to cool a first heat transfer fluid present in at least said outdoor heat exchanger portion during said first mode of operation, said first heat transfer fluid being water and having a first freezing point;
a coolant switch arrangement configured to switch said outdoor heat exchanger portion to a second heat transfer fluid, in preparation for operation in said second mode of operation, said second heat transfer fluid being one of ethylene glycol and an ethylene glycol-water mixture and having a second freezing point lower than said first freezing point, said second freezing point being sufficiently low for said second heat transfer fluid not to freeze when an outdoor air temperature adjacent said outdoor heat exchanger portion drops below a first predetermined relationship with said first freezing point, said second heat transfer fluid has a higher viscosity than said first heat transfer fluid, said second heat transfer fluid having a lower ability to conduct and carry heat than said first heat transfer fluid; and
a control unit coupled to said coolant switch arrangement and configured to determine that an appropriate time has been reached to switch from said first mode to said second mode,
wherein said coolant switch arrangement switches said outdoor heat exchanger portion to said second heat transfer fluid responsive to said determination by said control unit, and
wherein said heat is absorbed from said components in said data center into said second heat transfer fluid and wherein said outside air is used to cool said second heat transfer fluid present in at least said outdoor heat exchanger portion of said cooling system during said second mode;
said control unit further configured to determine that an appropriate time has been reached to switch from said second mode back to said first mode, wherein the appropriate time is when an outdoor air temperature has reached a second predetermined relationship with the first heat transfer fluid freezing point and, responsive to determining that said appropriate time has been reached to switch from said second mode back to said first mode, switch said outdoor heat exchanger portion of said cooling system back to said first heat transfer fluid.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a single loop passing through said data center to said outdoor heat exchanger portion;
a first tank to store said first heat transfer fluid; and
a second tank to store said second heat transfer fluid;
wherein said coolant switch arrangement comprises a valve arrangement configured to:
isolate said first and second tanks during steady-state operation;
allow said first heat transfer fluid to flow from said single loop into said first tank and said second heat transfer fluid to flow from said second tank into said single loop when transitioning from said first mode to said second mode; and
allow said second heat transfer fluid to flow from said single loop into said second tank and said first heat transfer fluid to flow from said first tank back into said single loop when transitioning from said second mode to said first mode.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first heat transfer fluid indoor loop passing through said data center;
a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger selectively coupled to said first heat transfer fluid indoor loop;
a first heat transfer fluid indoor-outdoor loop selectively connectable to said first heat transfer fluid indoor loop and coupled to said outdoor heat exchanger portion; and
a second heat transfer fluid loop passing from said liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger to said outdoor heat exchanger portion;
wherein said coolant switch arrangement comprises a valve arrangement configured to:
couple said first heat transfer fluid indoor loop to said first heat transfer fluid indoor-outdoor loop during steady-state operation in said first mode; and
couple said first heat transfer fluid indoor loop to said liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger during steady-state operation in said second mode.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein said outdoor heat exchanger portion comprises a first outside heat exchanger coupled to said second heat transfer fluid loop and a second outside heat exchanger coupled to said first heat transfer fluid indoor-outdoor loop.
5. The system of claim 3 , wherein said outdoor heat exchanger portion comprises a single outside heat exchanger having a first coil coupled to said second heat transfer fluid loop and a second coil coupled to said first heat transfer fluid indoor-outdoor loop.