Centrifugal compressor with surge prediction
A centrifugal compressor for a chiller includes a casing, an inlet guide vane, an impeller downstream of the inlet guide vane, a rotational magnetic bearing, a magnetic bearing sensor, a motor, a diffuser and a controller. The casing has inlet and outlet portions with the inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion. The impeller is attached to a shaft. The radial magnetic bearing rotatably supports the shaft. The magnetic bearing sensor detects at least one of a position signal indicative of the shaft's position and a current signal indicative of current supplied to the magnetic bearing. The motor rotates the shaft in order to rotate the impeller. The diffuser is disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller. An outlet port of the outlet portion is disposed between the impeller and the diffuser. The controller is programmed to predict surge based on the position signal and/or the current signal.
1. A centrifugal compressor adapted to be used in a chiller, the centrifugal compressor comprising:
a casing having an inlet portion and an outlet portion;
an inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion;
an impeller disposed downstream of the inlet guide vane, the impeller being attached to a shaft rotatable about a rotation axis,
at least one radial magnetic bearing rotatably supporting the shaft;
an axial magnetic bearing attached to the shaft;
at least one radial magnetic bearing sensor arranged with respect to the radial magnetic bearing and configured to detect at least one of a radial position signal indicative of the shaft's position in a radial direction and a radial magnetic bearing current signal indicative of current supplied to the at least one radial magnetic bearing;
a plurality of axial magnetic bearing sensors arranged with respect to the axial magnetic bearing, each of the axial magnetic bearing sensors being configured to detect at least one of an axial position signal indicative of the shaft's position in an axial direction and an axial magnetic bearing current signal indicative of current supplied to the axial magnetic bearing;
a motor arranged and configured to rotate the shaft in order to rotate the impeller;
a diffuser disposed in the outlet portion downstream from the impeller with an outlet port of the outlet portion being disposed between the impeller and the diffuser; and
a controller programmed to
predict surge based on the radial position signal and the axial position signals, or based on the radial magnetic bearing current signal and the axial magnetic bearing current signals.
2. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the controller is further programmed to adjust an operation of the centrifugal compressor based on a surge being predicted.
3. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 2 , wherein
the controller is further programmed to increase an operation range of the centrifugal compressor based on the surge being predicted.
4. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 3 , wherein
at least one of inlet guide vane position and motor speed is adjusted to increase the operation range of the centrifugal compressor.
5. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the at least one radial magnetic bearing sensor is a radial position sensor arranged to detect the radial position signal,
the axial magnetic bearing sensors are axial position sensors arranged to detect the axial position signals, and
the controller is programmed to predict surge by comparing the radial position signal and the axial position signals to threshold values.
6. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 5 , wherein
the axial magnetic bearing is a magnetic thrust bearing that includes a thrust disk, and
the plurality of axial magnetic bearing sensors includes two of the axial position sensors, each of the axial position sensors being disposed on opposite sides of the thrust disk.
7. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the at least one radial magnetic bearing sensor is a radial magnetic bearing current sensor arranged to detect the radial magnetic bearing current signal, and
the axial magnetic bearing sensors are axial magnetic bearing current sensors arranged to detect the axial magnetic bearing current signals.
8. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 7 , wherein
the controller is programmed to predict surge by comparing the radial magnetic bearing current signal and the axial magnetic bearing current signals to threshold values.
9. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 7 , wherein
the controller is programmed to
calculate a radial magnetic bearing force of the at least one radial magnetic bearing based on the radial magnetic bearing current signal,
calculate axial magnetic bearing forces of the axial magnetic bearing based on the axial magnetic bearing current signals,
compare the calculated radial magnetic bearing force and axial magnetic bearing forces to predetermined force values, and
predict surge based on the comparison of the calculated radial magnetic bearing force and axial magnetic bearing forces to the predetermined force values.
10. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the at least one radial magnetic bearing includes
a first radial magnetic bearing disposed axially between the motor and the impeller along the shaft, and
a second radial magnetic bearing disposed on an opposite side of the motor from the first radial magnetic bearing along the shaft so that the motor is disposed axially between the first and second radial magnetic bearings.