Fiber conduit apparatus for conducting chemical reactions and chemical extractions
A fiber reaction process whereby reactive components contained in immiscible streams are brought into contact to effect chemical reactions and separations. The conduit reactor utilized contains wettable fibers onto which one stream is substantially constrained and a second stream is flowed over to continuously create a new interface there between to efficiently bring about contact of the reactive species and thus promote reactions thereof or extractions thereby. Co-solvents and phase transfer catalysts may be employed to facilitate the process.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a conduit comprising:
two fluid inlets at one end of the conduit, wherein one of the two fluid inlets comprises a tube extending into the conduit and a perforated node at the end of the tube, and wherein the other of the two fluid inlets is arranged up-stream of the perforated node;
one fluid outlet at an opposing end of the conduit;
a collection vessel positioned proximate the fluid outlet, wherein the collection vessel comprises two fluid outlets respectively arranged along upper and lower portions of the collection vessel; and
a plurality of functionalized polymer fibers positioned longitudinally within the conduit, wherein one end of the functionalized polymer fibers are secured to the perforated node, wherein the other end of the functionalized polymer fibers extend into the collection vessel, and wherein the functionalized polymer fibers comprise acid functionalized polymer fibers, base functionalized polymer fibers, hydroxyl functionalized polymer fibers, amino functionalized polymer fibers, or ether functionalized polymer fibers.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of functionalized polymer fibers comprise materials selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic polymers, polar polymers, hydrophilic copolymers, polar copolymers, and combinations thereof.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of functionalized polymer fibers comprise materials selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, polypeptides, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyhydroxyalkylesters of polyacids, functionalized polystyrene, polyphenolics, polynovolacs, nylon, polybenzimidazole, polyvinylidenedinitrile, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohols, polyethers, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyethyleneoxides, polyacids, polyamines, polyallylamines, polydiallyamines, polyethylenimine, polyoxazolines, polyphenylene sulfide, polymelamine, polyvinyl chloride, co-polyethylene-acrylic acid, and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of functionalized polymer fibers comprise solid fibers.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of functionalized polymer fibers comprise hollow fibers.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of functionalized polymer fibers comprises a plurality of fiber conduits, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a heat exchanger operatively associated with the plurality of fiber conduits whereby thermal energy is transferred to or from the plurality of fiber conduits.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized polymer fibers comprise inorganic acid functionalized polymer fibers.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized polymer fibers comprise sulfuric acid functionalized polymer fibers.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized polymer fibers comprise organic acid functionalized polymer fibers.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized polymer fibers comprise carboxylic acid functionalized polymer fibers.
11. An apparatus comprising:
a conduit comprising:
two fluid inlets at one end of the conduit, wherein one of the two fluid inlets comprises a tube extending into the conduit and a perforated node at the end of the tube, and wherein the other of the two fluid inlets is arranged up-stream of the perforated node;
one fluid outlet at an opposing end of the conduit;
a collection vessel positioned proximate the fluid outlet, wherein the collection vessel comprises two fluid outlets respectively arranged along upper and lower portions of the collection vessel; and
a plurality of sulfonated polymer fibers positioned longitudinally within the conduit, wherein one end of the sulfonated polymer fibers are secured to the perforated node, and wherein the other end of the sulfonated polymer fibers extend into the collection vessel.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of sulfonated polymer fibers comprise solid fibers.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of sulfonated polymer fibers comprise hollow fibers.
14. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of sulfonated polymer fibers comprises a plurality of fiber conduits, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a heat exchanger operatively associated with the plurality of fiber conduits whereby thermal energy is transferred to or from the plurality of fiber conduits.