Surgical component navigation systems and methods
A navigation and monitoring system to track positions of surgical components during surgery of a patient. Some embodiments include a power source to emit a tracking signal during surgery of the patient, a first sensor mounted to a region of the patient to respond to the emitted tracking signal, and a control unit to track a position of the region relative to a fixed region of the patient as the region moves with respect to the fixed region, based on the response of the first sensor. The system can calibrate and register a movable reference point of the patient relative to a fixed reference point, and can maintain that reference point when the movable reference point moves in space during a surgical process.
1. A navigation system to track positions of surgical components during surgery of a patient, comprising:
a power source to emit a tracking signal during surgery of a patient;
a first sensor configured to be mounted to a region of the patient to generate a first response signal to the emitted tracking signal;
a second sensor configured to be mounted to a surgical component to generate a second response signal to the emitted tracking signal;
a control unit to track a position of the surgical component relative to the region as the surgical instrument and region move with respect to a fixed region of the patient, the control unit configured to receive the first response signal and the second response signal, the control unit configured to determine the real-time tracked position in three dimensional space of the region based on the first response signal, and configured to determine the real-time tracked position in three dimensional space of the surgical component based on the second response signal,
a display monitor configured to display a real time position of the region and the fixed region,
wherein the tracked position is based on a triangulation calculation relative to the first and second response signals independent of a shape dimension of the first and second sensors, and
navigation goggles configured to be worn by a surgeon to interface with the control unit of the navigation system via a wired or wireless connection to receive and display in real-time the navigational data including the location of the surgical component and/or target points in the region during surgery based on the first and second response signals, the display of the navigational data in the googles being provided as an overlay so as not to inhibit viewing by the surgeon through the googles.
2. The navigation system of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor is fabricated from a digital scanner to read data pertaining to a region of interest of the patient to adjust existing CT scan data of the patient.
3. A navigation system to track positions of surgical components, comprising:
a power source to emit a tracking signal during an operation of a patient;
a first component configured to be mounted to a region of interest of the
patient, the first component including a first sensor to respond to the emitted tracking signal to provide location information of the first component;
a second component including a second sensor to respond to the emitted tracking signal to provide location information of the second component; and
a control unit to track the locations of the first and second component relative to a fixed region of the patient as the first or second components move with respect to the fixed region based on the responses of the first and second sensors, independent of a shape dimension of the first or second sensors, the control unit configured to receive the first and second response signals, the control unit configured to determine the real-time tracked position in three dimensional space of the first component relative to the fixed region based on the first response signal, and configured to determine the real-time tracked position in three dimensional space of the second component relative to the fixed region based on the second response signal,
wherein the first component comprises a dressing to cover a wound of a patient, the dressing including at least one detector to measure a characteristic parameter of the wound and to transmit a signal representative of the measured characteristic parameter to the control unit, the control unit being configured to receive the transmitted signal and to output a response indicative of the measured characteristic parameter to treat the wound; and
navigation goggles configured to be worn by a surgeon to interface with the control unit of the navigation system via a wired or wireless connection to receive and display in real-time the navigational data including the location of the surgical component and/ or target points in the region during surgery based on the first and second response signals, the display of the navigational data in the googles being provided as an overlay so as not to inhibit viewing by the surgeon through the googles.
4. The navigation system of claim 3 , wherein the dressing includes at least one delivery device to deliver a treatment element to a selected region of the wound based on a location of the measured characteristic parameter.
5. The navigation system of claim 3 , further comprising an energy harvesting device to power the at least one detector and the at least one delivery device.
6. The navigation system of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor comprises an emitting unit to emit a second tracking signal to the second sensor, and the second sensor comprises a receptor unit to respond to the second tracking signal such that the control unit tracks the movement of the surgical component relative to the movable region based on the response of the receptor unit to the second tracking signal.
7. The navigation system of claim 1 , further comprising a surgical aid component configured to be mounted to the region.
8. The navigation system of claim 7 , wherein the first sensor is coupled to an outer surface of the surgical aid component and is oriented during use to maintain a visible line of sight with the emitted signals as the region moves with respect to the fixed region during the surgical process.
9. The navigation system of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor comprises at least three RFID, Bluetooth, LED, or WiFi receptors to interact with the emitted tracking signals, and the control unit tracks the position of the region using the triangulation calculation based on the interaction of the at least three receptors.
10. The navigation system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second sensors each comprise at least three optical emitters to respectively emit first, second, and third light signals to be detected by the detection unit, such that the control unit tracks the position of the surgical component relative to the movable region using the triangulation calculation based on the detected first, second, and third light signals.