Non-symmetric arrays of MEMS digital variable capacitor with uniform operating characteristics
The present invention generally relates to a MEMS DVC. The MEMS DVC has an RF electrode and is formed above a CMOS substrate. To reduce noise in the RF signal, a poly-resistor that is connected between a waveform controller and the electrodes of the MEMS element, may be surrounded by an isolated p-well or an isolated n-well. The isolated well is coupled to an RF ground shield that is disposed between the poly-resistor and the MEMS element. Due to the presence of the isolated well that surrounds the poly-resistor, the substrate resistance does not influence the dynamic behavior of each MEMS element in the MEMS DVC and noise in the RF signal is reduced.
1. A MEMS DVC, comprising:
a MEMS device disposed above a substrate, the MEMS device having one or more electrodes, a movable MEMS element disposed within a cavity, and an RF electrode disposed below the movable MEMS element;
a first poly-resistor coupled to at least one of the one or more electrodes, wherein the first poly-resistor is disposed between the substrate and the MEMS device;
an n-well disposed below the first poly-resistor;
an RF ground shield disposed above the first poly-resistor;
an n-well contact coupled to the n-well and ground shield, wherein the n-well contact surrounds the first poly-resistor.
2. The MEMS DVC of claim 1 , wherein the first poly-resistor is coupled to a waveform controller.
3. The MEMS DVC of claim 1 , further comprising a second poly-resistor coupled to a second electrode of the MEMS device.
4. The MEMS DVC of claim 1 , wherein the RF ground shield is disposed between the first poly-resistor and the MEMS device.
5. The MEMS DVC of claim 1 , wherein the n-well comprises:
an n-well contact that is coupled to the RF ground shield;
an n-well embedded within the substrate below the first poly-resistor; and
an n+connection coupled between the n-well and the n-well contact.
6. The MEMS DVC of claim 2 , wherein the first poly-resistor is coupled to a first electrode of the MEMS device.
7. The MEMS DVC of claim 3 , wherein either:
the n-well surrounds both the first poly-resistor and the second poly-resistor; or
the n-well comprises a first n-well that surrounds the first poly-resistor and a second n-well that surrounds the second poly-resistor.
8. The MEMS DVC of claim 5 , further comprising a second poly-resistor coupled to a second electrode of the MEMS device.
9. The MEMS DVC of claim 7 , wherein the second poly-resistor is coupled to a waveform controller.
10. The MEMS DVC of claim 8 , wherein either:
the n-well surrounds both the first poly-resistor and the second poly-resistor; or
the n-well comprises a first n-well that surrounds the first poly-resistor and a second n-well that surrounds the second poly-resistor.
11. The MEMS DVC of claim 9 , wherein the n-well surrounds both the first poly-resistor and the second poly-resistor and wherein the MEMS DVC further comprises a surface implant region that is distinct from, but coupled to the n-well, wherein the surface implant region extends between the first poly-resistor and the second poly-resistor.
12. A MEMS DVC, comprising:
a MEMS device disposed above a substrate, the MEMS device having one or more electrodes, a movable MEMS element disposed within a cavity, and an RF electrode disposed below the movable MEMS element;
a first poly-resistor coupled to at least one of the one or more electrodes, wherein the first poly-resistor is disposed between the substrate and the MEMS device;
an n-well surrounding the first poly-resistor; and
an RF ground shield coupled to the n-well wherein the n-well comprises:
an n-well contact that is coupled to the RF ground shield;
an n-well embedded within the substrate below the first poly-resistor; and
an n+connection coupled between the n-well and the n-well contact, further comprising a second poly-resistor coupled to a second electrode of the MEMS device, wherein either:
the n-well surrounds both the first poly-resistor and the second poly-resistor; or
the n-well comprises a first n-well that surrounds the first poly-resistor and a second n-well that surrounds the second poly-resistor, wherein the n-well surrounds both the first poly-resistor and the second poly-resistor and wherein the MEMS DVC further comprises a surface implant region that is distinct from, but coupled to the n-well, wherein the surface implant region extends between the first poly-resistor and the second poly-resistor.
13. The MEMS DVC of claim 12 , wherein the first poly-resistor has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is coupled to an electrode of the MEMS device.
14. The MEMS DVC of claim 13 , wherein the second poly-resistor has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is coupled to another electrode of the MEMS device.
15. The MEMS DVC of claim 14 , wherein the first poly-resistor is coupled to a waveform controller.
16. The MEMS DVC of claim 15 , wherein the second poly-resistor is coupled to the waveform controller.
17. A MEMS DVC, comprising:
a substrate;
a MEMS device disposed above the substrate, the MEMS device having an RF electrode, and one or more other electrodes, and a movable MEMS element disposed within a cavity and above the RF electrode;
a poly-resistor disposed between the substrate and the MEMS device and coupled to the MEMS device;
an RF ground shield disposed between the MEMS device and the poly-resistor;
a p-well contact, wherein the p-well contact is coupled to the RF ground shield;
an isolated p-well coupled to the p-well contact and disposed between the substrate and the poly-resistor, wherein the p-well contact and the isolated p-well surround the poly-resistor;
an n-well contact, wherein the n-well contact is coupled to the RF ground shield; and
an n-well coupled to the n-well contact and disposed between the substrate and the isolated p-well, wherein the n-well contact and the n-well surround the p-well contact and the isolated p-well.
18. The MEMS DVC of claim 17 , further comprising a waveform controller coupled to the poly-resistor.
19. The MEMS DVC of claim 17 , wherein the poly-resistor is coupled to an electrode of the one or more other electrodes of the MEMS device.
20. The MEMS DVC of claim 18 , further comprising a deep n-well that is coupled to the n-well and is disposed below the isolated p-well, wherein the deep n-well and the n-well isolate the p-well from the substrate.