GRC (glass-resin composite) monofilament
A monofilament made of glass-resin composite has improved properties in compression, in particular at high temperature, and comprises glass filaments embedded in a crosslinked resin. The glass transition temperature of the resin is equal to or greater than 190° C. The elongation at break of the monofilament, measured at 23° C., is equal to or greater than 4.0%. The initial tensile modulus of the monofilament, measured at 23° C., is greater than 35 GPa. The real part of the complex modulus of the monofilament, measured at 190° C. by the DMTA method, is greater than 30 GPa. Pneumatic or non-pneumatic tires are reinforced with such a composite monofilament.
1. A monofilament made of glass-resin composite comprising glass filaments embedded in a crosslinked resin,
wherein the glass transition temperature Tg of the resin is equal to or greater than 190° C.;
wherein an elongation at break Eb of the monofilament, measured at 23° C., is equal to or greater than 4.0%;
wherein an initial tensile modulus E 23 of the monofilament, measured at 23° C., is greater than 35 GPa; and
wherein a real part of the complex modulus E′ 190 of the monofilament, measured at 190° C. by the DMTA method, is greater than 30 GPa.
2. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein the Tg of the resin is greater than 195° C.
3. The monofilament according to claim 2 , wherein the Tg of the resin is greater than 200° C.
4. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein the Eb is greater than 4.2%.
5. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein the Eb is greater than 4.4%.
6. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein an E′ (Tg′-25) /E′ 23 ratio is greater than 0.85, E′ 23 and E′ (Tg′-25) being the real part of the complex modulus of the monofilament measured by DMTA, respectively, at 23° C. and at a temperature expressed in ° C. equal to Tg′-25, and Tg′ being the glass transition temperature of the resin measured by DMTA.
7. The monofilament according to claim 6 , wherein the E′ (Tg′-25) /E′ 23 ratio is greater than 0.90, E′ 23 and E′ (Tg′-25) being the real part of the complex modulus of the monofilament measured by DMTA, respectively, at 23° C. and at a temperature expressed in ° C. equal to Tg′-25, and Tg′ being the glass transition temperature of the resin measured by DMTA.
8. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein an E′ (Tg′-10) /E′ 23 ratio is greater than 0.80, E′ 23 and E′ (Tg′-10) being the real part of the complex modulus of the monofilament measured by DMTA, respectively, at 23° C. and at a temperature expressed in ° C. equal to Tg′-10, and Tg′ being the glass transition temperature of the resin measured by DMTA.
9. The monofilament according to claim 8 , wherein the E′ (Tg′-10) /E′ 23 ratio is greater than 0.85, E′ 23 and E′ (Tg′-10) being the real part of the complex modulus of the monofilament measured by DMTA, respectively, at 23° C. and at a temperature expressed in ° C. equal to Tg′-10, and Tg′ being the glass transition temperature of the resin measured by DMTA.
10. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein the E 23 is greater than 40 GPa.
11. The monofilament according to claim 10 , wherein the E 23 is greater than 42 GPa.
12. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein the E′ 190 is greater than 33 GPa.
13. The monofilament according to claim 12 , wherein the E′ 190 is greater than 36 GPa.
14. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein an elastic deformation in compression under flexion is greater than 3.0%.
15. The monofilament according to claim 14 , wherein the elastic deformation in compression under flexion is greater than 3.5%.
16. The monofilament according to claim 15 , wherein the elastic deformation in compression under flexion is greater than 4.0%.
17. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein a breaking stress in compression under flexion is greater than 1000 MPa.
18. The monofilament according to claim 17 , wherein the breaking stress in compression under flexion is greater than 1200 MPa.
19. The monofilament according to claim 18 , wherein the breaking stress in compression under flexion is greater than 1400 MPa.
20. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein a weight content of the glass filaments is between 60 and 80%.
21. The monofilament according to claim 20 , wherein the weight content of the glass filaments is between 65 and 75%.
22. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein a density of the monofilament is between 1.8 and 2.1 g/cm 3 .
23. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein the resin is a vinyl ester resin.
24. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein an initial tensile modulus of the resin, measured at 23° C., is greater than 3.0 GPa.
25. The monofilament according to claim 24 , wherein the initial tensile modulus of the resin, measured at 23° C., is greater than 3.5 GPa.
26. The monofilament according to claim 1 , wherein a diameter D of the monofilament is between 0.2 and 1.5 mm.
27. The monofilament according to claim 26 , wherein the diameter D is between 0.3 and 1.2 mm.
28. The monofilament according to claim 27 , wherein the diameter D is between 0.4 and 1.1 mm.
29. A finished article or semi-finished product made of rubber comprising a monofilament according to claim 1 .
30. A pneumatic or non-pneumatic vehicle tire comprising a monofilament according to claim 1 .
31. The pneumatic or non-pneumatic vehicle tire according to claim 30 , wherein the monofilament is present in the belt or in the carcass reinforcement of the tire.
32. The pneumatic or non-pneumatic vehicle tire according to claim 30 , wherein the monofilament is present in the bead zone of the tire.