Intensity-independent optical computing device

1. An optical computing device to determine a characteristic of a sample, the optical computing device comprising:

a first polarizer that optically interacts with electromagnetic radiation to produce first polarized light that optically interacts with a sample to produce sample-interacted light;

a first optical element that optically interacts with the sample-interacted light to produce optically-interacted light which corresponds to a characteristic of the sample;

a second polarizer that optically interacts with the optically-interacted light to produce second polarized light which corresponds to a first characteristic of the sample, wherein the first and second polarizers produce a polarization state that approximates a multivariate regression vector corresponding to the first characteristic of the sample; and

a first detector positioned to measure the second polarized light and thereby generate a first signal utilized to determine the first characteristic of the sample.

2. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , wherein the sample and first optical element have different angular orientations in relation to one another.

3. The optical computing device as defined in claim 2 , wherein the different angular orientation is at or substantially near the Brewster Angle.

4. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , wherein:

the first polarizer defines a first polarization state of the electromagnetic radiation; and

the second polarizer is an analyzer that defines a second polarization state of the optically-interacted light representing a change in polarization between the first and second polarization states, wherein the change in polarization is utilized to determine the first characteristic of the sample.

5. The optical computing device as defined in claim 4 , wherein the change in polarization comprises a change in an amplitude or phase of the polarization states.

6. The optical computing device as defined in claim 5 , wherein the change in amplitude is represented by:

Tan Ψ=| T p /T s |; or

Tan Ψ=| R p /R s |.

7. The optical computing device as defined in claim 5 , wherein the change in phase is represented by:

Δ=δ 1 −δ 2 .

8. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , further comprising an actuation device operatively coupled to at least one of the first or second polarizers to move the first or second polarizers through a full angular rotation that generates a pure P polarized light, pure S polarized light, and intermediate P and S polarized light.

9. The optical computing device as defined in claim 8 , wherein:

the first polarizer is operatively coupled to the actuation device; and

the second polarizer is stationary.

10. The optical computing device as defined in claim 8 , wherein:

the first polarizer is fixed; and

the second polarizer is operatively coupled to the actuation device.

11. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first polarizer is a polarization modulator.

12. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , further comprising a rotating compensator positioned to optically interact with the first polarized light in order to generate compensated first polarized light that optically interacts with the sample.

13. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first optical element comprises a beam splitter, and the optical computing device further comprises a second detector positioned to measure the optically-interacted light and thereby generate a second signal utilized to determine a second characteristic of the sample.

14. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , further comprising:

a beam splitter positioned between the sample and first optical element to thereby generate first and second portions of the sample-interacted light, wherein the first portion of the sample-interacted light is directed to the first optical element;

a second optical element positioned to optically interact with the second portion of sample-interacted light to thereby generate second optically-interacted light; and

a second detector positioned to measure the second optically-interacted light and thereby generate a second signal utilized to determine a second characteristic of the sample.

15. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , wherein:

the first and second polarized lights comprise at least one of a P polarized light or S polarized light; and

the first detector utilizes the P and S polarized lights to generate the first signal which corresponds to at least two characteristics of the sample, the at least two characteristics comprising:

a characteristic corresponding to a change in amplitude of polarization between the first and second polarized lights; and

a characteristic corresponding to a change in phase difference of polarization between the first and second polarized lights.

16. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , wherein the sample is at least one of a wellbore fluid, downhole tool or rock formation.

17. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , further comprising a signal processor communicably coupled to the first detector to computationally determine the characteristic of the sample in real-time.

18. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first optical element is an Integrated Computational Element.

19. The optical computing device as defined in claim 1 , wherein the optical computing device comprises part of a downhole tool or wellbore.

20. A method utilizing an optical computing device to determine a characteristic of a sample, the method comprising:

optically interacting electromagnetic radiation with a first polarizer to produce first polarized light;

optically interacting the first polarized light with a sample to produce sample-interacted light;

optically interacting a first optical element with the sample-interacted light to generate optically-interacted light which corresponds to a characteristic of the sample;

optically interacting the optically-interacted light with a second polarizer to produce second polarized light which corresponds to a first characteristic of the sample, wherein the first and second polarizers produce a polarization state that approximates a multivariate regression vector corresponding to the first characteristic of the sample;

generating a first signal that corresponds to the second polarized light through utilization of a first detector; and

determining the first characteristic of the sample using the first signal.

21. The optical computing method as defined in claim 20 , further comprising positioning the sample and first optical element at different angular orientations in relation to one another.

22. The optical computing method as defined in claim 21 , wherein the different angular orientation is at or substantially near the Brewster Angle.

23. The optical computing method as defined in claim 20 , wherein:

the first polarizer defines a first polarization state of the electromagnetic radiation; and

the second polarizer is an analyzer that defines a second polarization state of the optically-interacted light representing a change in polarization between the first and second polarization states, wherein the change in polarization is utilized to determine the first characteristic of the sample.

24. The optical computing method as defined in claim 23 , wherein the change in polarization comprises a change in an amplitude or phase of the polarization states.

25. The optical computing method as defined in claim 20 , further comprising:

rotating at least one of the first or second polarizers to an angle of rotation; and

generating at least one of a pure P polarized light, pure S polarized light, or an intermediate P and S polarized light.

26. The optical computing method as defined in claim 20 , further comprising switching the first or second polarized lights between a pure P or pure S polarized light using a polarization modulator.

27. The optical computing method as defined in claim 20 , further comprising introducing a phase delay to the first polarized light using a rotating compensator.

28. The optical computing method as defined in claim 20 , further comprising adjusting an angle of rotation of the first or second polarizers to thereby nullify an intensity of the second polarized light.

29. The optical computing method as defined in claim 20 , further comprising:

optically interacting a second detector with the optically-interacted light; and

generating a second signal utilized to determine a second characteristic of the sample.

30. The optical computing method as defined in claim 20 , further comprising:

optically interacting the sample-interacted light with a second optical element to produce second optically-interacted light;

optically interacting a second detector with the second optically-interacted light; and

generating a second signal utilized to determine a second characteristic of the sample.

31. The optical computing method as defined in claim 20 , wherein the first detector utilizes the P or S polarized lights to generate a signal which corresponds to at least two characteristics of the sample, the at least two characteristics comprising:

a characteristic corresponding to a change in amplitude of polarization between the first and second polarized lights; and

a characteristic corresponding to a change in phase difference of polarization between the first and second polarized lights.

32. The optical computing method as defined in claim 20 , wherein the first optical element is an Integrated Computational Element.

33. The optical computing method as defined in claim 20 , wherein the optical computing device is deployed in a wellbore.