Smart subsea pipeline
Pipeline segments can contain cables, such as communication cables (e.g., fiber optic cables) within insulation material surrounding the pipeline segments. Cables can be embedded within the insulation material, run through conduits embedded within the insulation material, placed in channels formed in the insulation material, or otherwise. Channels containing one or more cables can be filled with supplemental insulation material, thus securing the cables within the channels. Pipelines created as disclosed herein can enable data transfer between distant points without the need to lay fiber optic cable in addition to the pipeline. Further, fiber optic cable embedded thusly can be used to sense conditions in the pipeline, such as leaks, seismic activity, strain, and temperature information.
1. A tubular, comprising:
a base pipe for transporting hydrocarbons, the base pipe including a base pipe first end and a base pipe second end;
insulation material exterior to and coupled to the base pipe while leaving the base pipe with non-insulated regions at the base pipe first end and the base pipe second end, the insulation material including a channel;
a cable positioned within the channel in the insulation material, the cable extending through an entire length of the channel and including a first cable end and a second cable end;
a first removable cable protector and a second removable cable protector removably attached to the non-insulated regions, the first removeable cable protector and the second removeable cable protector each being larger in diameter than the base pipe and including tactile elements configured to aid in aligning the tubular with other tubulars, wherein each of the first removable cable protector and the second removable cable protector accepts and contains respective ones of the first cable end and the second cable end for transit and storage of the tubular and is removed during installation of the tubular; and
supplemental insulation material in the channel securing the cable within the channel.
2. The tubular of claim 1 , wherein the cable extends through the entire length of the channel in a path parallel to a longitudinal axis of the base pipe.
3. The tubular of claim 1 , wherein the cable comprises an electrical cable.
4. The tubular of claim 1 , wherein the cable comprises an optical cable.
5. The tubular of claim 1 , wherein the channel includes a plurality of channels, wherein the cable is positioned within the plurality of channels, and wherein the cable is secured within the plurality of channels by the supplemental insulation material deposited therein.
6. A method of assembling a pipeline, comprising:
providing a base pipe for transporting hydrocarbons;
coupling insulation material to an exterior of the base pipe to form a pipeline segment;
positioning a conduit within a channel in the insulation material, the conduit extending through the entire length of the channel;
pre-installing a drag line within the conduit, wherein the drag line is translatable with respect to the conduit for pulling a cable through the conduit to communicatively couple the pipeline segment to other pipeline segments;
subsequent to pre-installing the drag line within the conduit, placing the pipeline segment on a pipelaying vessel adjacent to the other pipeline segments;
feeding the cable through a bridge coupler;
pulling the cable through the conduit using the drag line subsequent to feeding the cable through the bridge coupler;
connecting the pipeline segment to the other pipeline segments to form the pipeline;
placing the bridge coupler over the conduit;
pulling the cable taught subsequent to placing the bridge coupler over the conduit; and
allowing the pipeline to be pulled towards a seabed from the pipelaying vessel when the pipeline is sufficiently long.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising cutting the insulation material to form the channel.
8. The method of claim 6 further comprising placing a channel mold proximate the base pipe to form the channel while the insulation material is being coupled to the base pipe.
9. The method of claim 6 further comprising applying force to the insulation material through an embossing tool in a shape of the channel to form the channel.
10. The method of claim 6 further comprising installing a connector on at least one end of the drag line.
11. The method of claim 6 further comprising depositing supplemental insulation material in the channel to secure the conduit in the channel.