Strengthened glass articles, edge-strengthened laminated glass articles, and methods for making the same
A method of manufacturing a laminated glass article is disclosed that includes forming a laminated glass article with at least one glass cladding layer and a glass core layer adhered to the glass cladding layer. The glass core layer is amenable to crystallization and optionally has a viscosity amenable to forming by a fusion lamination method. The method further includes removing a portion of the laminated glass article such that the glass core layer is exposed on at least one edge of the laminated glass article, and crystallizing at least a portion of the exposed glass core layer. A crystallized or semi-crystallized surface of the exposed glass core layer has a lower CTE than a remainder of the glass core layer. A laminated glass article and a glass article having a crystalline or semi-crystalline surface portion that is integral with a bulk of the glass body are also disclosed.
1. A method of manufacturing a laminated glass article comprising at least one glass cladding layer and a glass core layer adhered to the at least one glass cladding layer, the method comprising:
removing a portion of the laminated glass article such that an exposed surface of the glass core layer is exposed on at least one edge of the laminated glass article;
conducting an ion exchange at the exposed surface of the glass core layer to introduce Li + or Na + ions to the exposed surface of the glass core layer, the ion exchange comprising contacting the exposed surface of the glass core layer with a molten salt bath comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides, fluorides, and phosphates; and
crystallizing a portion of the glass core layer at the exposed surface to form a crystallized or semi-crystallized surface of the glass core layer, the portion of the glass core layer having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than a remainder of the glass core layer, wherein the crystallizing step comprises heat treating at least the exposed surface of the glass core layer, the heat treating comprising:
heating at least the exposed surface of the glass core layer to a nucleation temperature in a range of from about 500° C. to about 850° C.;
cooling at least the exposed surface of the glass core layer to a temperature below about 500° C.; and
reheating at least the exposed surface of the glass core layer to a crystallization temperature in a range of from about 500° C. to about 850° C., where the crystallization temperature is at least about 5 degrees higher than the nucleation temperature.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining the remainder of the laminated glass article at a temperature below the nucleation temperature and the crystallization temperature during the heat treating.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treating comprises applying a flame or a laser to the exposed surface of the glass core layer.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising shielding the at least one glass cladding layer during the heat treating to maintain the at least one glass cladding layer below the nucleation temperature and the crystallization temperature during the heat treating.
5. A method of forming a surface-crystallized or semi-crystallized glass article, the method comprising:
contacting a glass body with a salt composition, the glass body free or substantially free of TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , and ZnO, the salt composition comprising major and minor components, the major components comprising Li 2 SO 4 —K 2 SO 4 , Li 2 SO 4 —Na 2 SO 4 , or both, and the minor components comprising 0.01 to 5 mol % of one or more basic additives, the one or more basic additives selected from the group consisting of potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and lithium carbonate; and
nucleating and growing crystals at or near a surface portion of the glass body, the crystals substantially formed from and integral with a bulk of the glass body;
wherein the surface portion has a lower average coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than the bulk of the glass body.
6. A method of manufacturing a laminated glass article comprising at least one glass cladding layer and a glass core layer adhered to the at least one glass cladding layer, the method comprising:
removing a portion of the laminated glass article such that an exposed surface of the glass core layer is exposed on at least one edge of the laminated glass article; and
heat treating at least a portion of the exposed surface of the glass core layer to form a crystallized or semi-crystallized surface of the glass core layer, the portion of the glass core layer having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than a remainder of the glass core layer, wherein the heat treating comprises:
heating at least the exposed surface of the glass core layer to a nucleation temperature in a range of from about 500° C. to about 850° C.;
cooling at least the exposed surface of the glass core layer to a temperature below about 500° C.; and
reheating at least the exposed surface of the glass core layer to a crystallization temperature in a range of from about 500° C. to about 850° C., where the crystallization temperature is at least about 5 degrees higher than the nucleation temperature.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the heating and the reheating comprise applying a flame or a laser to the exposed surface of the glass core layer.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
conducting an ion exchange at the exposed surface of the glass core layer to introduce Li + or Na + ions to the exposed surface of the glass core layer before the crystallizing step.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the conducting the ion exchange comprises applying a solution comprising Li-containing constituents to the exposed surface of the glass core layer; and
the solution comprises a gel or a liquid applied only to the exposed surface of the glass core layer.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the conducting the ion exchange comprises contacting the exposed surface of the glass core layer to a molten salt bath comprising potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and lithium carbonate.
11. The method of claim 7 , further comprising shielding the at least one glass cladding layer during the heat treating to maintain the at least one glass cladding layer below the nucleation temperature and the crystallization temperature during the heat treating.
12. A method of manufacturing a laminated glass article comprising at least one glass cladding layer and a glass core layer adhered to the at least one glass cladding layer, the method comprising:
removing a portion of the laminated glass article such that an exposed surface of the glass core layer is exposed on at least one edge of the laminated glass article;
heat treating at least a portion of the glass core layer at the exposed surface to form a crystallized or semi-crystallized surface of the glass core layer, the portion of the glass core layer having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than a remainder of the glass core layer, wherein the heat treating comprises heating at least the exposed surface of the glass core layer to a nucleation temperature and a crystallization temperature; and
shielding the at least one glass cladding layer during the heat treating to maintain the at least one glass cladding layer below the nucleation temperature and the crystallization temperature during the heat treating.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the heating and the reheating comprise applying a flame or a laser to the exposed surface of the glass core layer.
14. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
conducting an ion exchange at the exposed surface of the glass core layer to introduce Li + or Na + ions to the exposed surface of the glass core layer before the crystallizing step.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
the conducting the ion exchange comprises applying a solution comprising Li-containing constituents to the exposed surface of the glass core layer; and
the solution comprises a gel or a liquid applied only to the exposed surface of the glass core layer.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the conducting the ion exchange comprises contacting the exposed surface of the glass core layer to a molten salt bath comprising potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and lithium carbonate.