Bioelastomers and applications thereof
In one aspect, compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a composition described herein comprises the reaction product of (i) citric acid, a citrate, or an ester of citric acid with (ii) a polyol, and (iii) a monomer comprising one or more alkyne moieties and/or azide moieties. The reaction product, in some instances, comprises a polymer. Further, in some cases, a composition described herein comprises a plurality of polymers. In some embodiments, the polymers are selected to be reactive with one another through a click chemistry reaction scheme to form a polymer network. In another aspect, medical implants and medical devices are described herein, the implants and devices comprising a polymer or polymer network described herein.
1. A composition comprising a polymer formed from one or more monomers of Formula (A); one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2), or (B3); and one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne moieties and/or one or more azide moieties:
wherein
R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are independently —H, —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , or M + ;
R 4 is —H;
R 5 is —H, —OH, —OCH 3 , —OCH 2 CH 3 , —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —NH 2 , NHCH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 NHCH 3 , —N(CH 3 ) 2 , or —CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 ;
R 6 is —H, —CH 3 , or —CH 2 CH 3 ,
R 7 is —H or —CH 3 ;
R 8 is —(CH 2 ) a , —(CH 2 CH 2 O) b —, or —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —;
R 9 is —H, —CH 3 , or a C2-C20 alkyl;
R 10 is —H, —C(O)CH 3 , or —C(O)CH 2 CH 3 ;
R 11 and R 12 are independently —OH or —NH 2 ;
M + is a monovalent cation;
X and Y are independently —O—or —NH—;
Z is —H or —CH 3 , or
a is an integer from 0 to 20;
b is an integer from 0 to 2000;
n is an integer between 1 and 2000; and
m and p are independently integers ranging from 1 to 20; and
wherein the monomer of Formula (B1) has at least one terminus comprising —OH or —NH 2 ; and
wherein, in the alternative, either:
(a) the one or more monomers comprising one or more azide moieties comprises a monomer of Formula (G1) or (G2):
wherein
R 20 is —CH 3 or —CH 2 CH 3 , or
(b) the one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne moieties comprises a monomer of Formula (H1), (H2), (H3), (H4), (H5), or (H6):
wherein
R 20 is —CH 3 or —CH 2 CH 3 ; and
X is —NH—.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein one or more monomers of Formula (B1) are used and X is —O—.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne and/or azide moieties comprises a polyol.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a first polymer formed from one or more monomers of Formula (A); one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2), or (B3); and one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne moieties; and a second polymer formed from one or more monomers of Formula (A); one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2), or (B3); and one or more monomers comprising one or more azide moieties.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises an azide-alkyne cycloaddition product.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is formed from one or more monomers of Formula (A); one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2), or (B3); one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne moieties and/or one or more azide moieties; and one or more monomers of Formula (C1), (C2), (C3), or (C4):
wherein p is an integer ranging from 1 to 10.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is formed from one or more monomers of Formula (A); one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2), or (B3); one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne moieties and/or one or more azide moieties; and one or more monomers of Formula (D1) or (D2):
wherein
R 13 is —H, —CH 3 , or —CH 2 CH 3 .
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is formed from one or more monomers of Formula (A); one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2) or (B3); one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne moieties and/or one or more azide moieties; and one or more monomers of Formula (E):
wherein
R 14 is a side chain of an amino acid or an alkyl-substituted amino acid.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is formed from one or more monomers of Formula (A); one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2) or (B3); one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne moieties and/or one or more azide moieties; and one or more monomers of Formula (F):
wherein
R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , and R 18 are independently —H, —CH 2 (CH 2 ) x NH 2 , —CH 2 (CHR 19 )NH 2 , or —CH 2 (CH 2 )COOH;
R 19 is —COOH or —(CH 2 ) y COOH;
x is an integer ranging from 0 to 20; and
y is an integer ranging from 1 to 20.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more monomers comprising one or more azide moieties comprises a monomer of Formula (G1) or (G2).
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne moieties comprises a monomer of Formula (H1), (H2), (H3), (H4), (H5), or (H6).
12. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a particulate inorganic material dispersed within a network formed by the polymer.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the particulate inorganic material comprises hydroxyapatite.
14. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the particulate inorganic material is present in the polymer network in an amount up to about 70 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polymer network.
15. A core-shell polymeric scaffold comprising:
a core component having a first porosity; and
a shell component surrounding the core component and having a second porosity, the second porosity differing from the first porosity,
wherein the core component comprises a first polymer network formed from one or more monomers of Formula (A); one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2), or (B3); one or more monomers comprising an alkyne moiety; and one or more monomers comprising an azide moiety:
wherein
R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are independently —H, —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , or M + ;
R 4 is —H;
R 5 is —H, —OH, —OCH 3 , —OCH 2 CH 3 , —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —NH 2 , NHCH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 NHCH 3 , —N(CH 3 ) 2 , or —CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 ;
R 6 is —H, —CH 3 , or —CH 2 CH 3 ,
R 7 is —H or —CH 3 ;
R 8 is —(CH 2 ) a—, —(CH 2 CH 2 O) b —, or —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b— ;
R 9 is —H, —CH 3 , or a C2-C20 alkyl;
R 10 is —H, —C(O)CH 3 , or —C(O)CH 2 CH 3 ;
R 11 and R 12 are independently —OH or —NH 2 ;
M + is a monovalent cation;
X and Y are independently —O— or —NH—;
Z is —H, —CH 3 , or
a is an integer from 0 to 20;
b is an integer from 0 to 2000;
n is an integer between 1 and 2000; and
m and p are independently integers ranging from 1 to 20; and
wherein the monomer of Formula (B1) has at least one terminus comprising —OH or —NH2; and
wherein the shell component comprises a second polymer network formed from one or more monomers of Formula (A); one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2), or (B3); one or more monomers comprising an alkyne moiety; and one or more monomers comprising an azide moiety; and
wherein, in the alternative, either:
(a) the one or more monomers comprising one or more azide moieties comprises a monomer of Formula (G1) or (G2):
wherein
R 20 is —CH 3 or —CH 2 CH 3 , or
(b) the one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne moieties comprises a monomer of Formula (H1), (H2), (H3), (H4), (H5), or (H6):
wherein
R 20 is —CH 3 or —CH 2 CH 3 ; and
X is —NH—.
16. The scaffold of claim 15 , wherein the core component exhibits a higher porosity than the shell component.
17. The scaffold of claim 15 , wherein the first porosity is between about 30% and about 99% and the second porosity is between about 0% and about 99%.
18. The scaffold of claim 15 , wherein a particulate inorganic material is dispersed within the first polymer network and/or the second polymer network.
19. The scaffold of claim 18 , wherein the particulate inorganic material comprises hydroxyapatite.
20. The scaffold of claim 18 , wherein the particulate inorganic material is present in the first polymer network or the second polymer network in an amount up to about 70 weight percent, based on the total weight of the first polymer network or the second polymer network, respectively.
21. The scaffold of claim 15 , wherein the first polymer network and the second polymer network exhibit an average pore size of about 800 nm to about 1000 μm.
22. The scaffold of claim 15 , wherein the core component and the shell component are concentric cylinders.
23. The scaffold of claim 15 , wherein the diameter of the core component is about 1 percent to about 90 percent of the diameter of the shell component.
24. The scaffold of claim 15 , wherein the first polymer network and/or the second polymer network comprises the reaction product of an amine, an amide, or an isocyanate with the one or more monomers of Formula (A), one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2), or (B3), one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne moieties, and one or more monomers comprising one or more azide moieties.
25. The scaffold of claim 15 , wherein the first polymer network and/or the second polymer network comprises the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid or a functional equivalent of a polycarboxylic acid with the one or more monomers of Formula (A), one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2), or (B3), one or more monomers comprising an alkyne moiety, and one or more monomers comprising an azide moiety.
26. The scaffold of claim 15 , wherein the first polymer network and/or the second polymer network comprises the reaction product of an amino acid with the one or more monomers of Formula (A), one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2), or (B3), one or more monomers comprising an alkyne moiety, and one or more monomers comprising an azide moiety.
27. The scaffold of claim 15 , wherein the scaffold exhibits one or more of a compressive peak stress between about 1 MPa and about 45 MPa, an initial modulus between about 50 MPa and about 1500 MPa, and a peak compressive strain at break between about 2% and about 5%.
28. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, glutamic acid, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, proline, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan and valine.
29. The composition of claim 8 , wherein R 14 is an alpha-amino acid side chain.
30. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the polymer is formed from one or more monomers of Formula (A); one or more monomers of Formula (B1), (B2), or (B3); one or more monomers comprising one or more alkyne moieties and/or one or more azide moieties; and one or more monomers of Formula (D2):
31. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a reaction product of (i) citric acid, a citrate, or an ester of citric acid with (ii) a polyol, (iii) one or more alkynes and/or azides, and (iv) a catechol-containing species.
32. The composition of claim 31 , wherein the catechol-containing species comprises L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) of D-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (D-DOPA).