3, 7-diamino-10H-phenothiazine salts and their use
Described are methods of preparing reduced 3,7-diamino-10H-phenothiazine (DAPTZ) compounds of formula: wherein: R 1 and R 9 are independently selected from: —H; C 1-4 alkyl; C 2-4 alkenyl; and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl; each of R 3NA and R 3NB is independently selected from: —H; C 1-4 alkyl; C 2-4 alkenyl; and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl; each of R 7NA and R 7NB is independently selected from: —H; C 1-4 alkyl; C 2-4 alkenyl; and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl; each of HX 1 and HX 2 is independently a protic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These methods are particularly useful for producing stable reduced forms, and with high purity. The stability and purity are especially relevant for pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of disease. The compounds are useful for treatment of e.g. tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, and also as prodrugs for the corresponding oxidized thioninium drugs.
1. A method of treating a disease of protein aggregation in a subject in need thereof, wherein the protein is selected from huntingtin, α-synuclein, and superoxide dismutase, the method comprising administering to a subject with a disease of protein aggregation, wherein the protein is selected from huntingtin, α-synuclein, and superoxide dismutase, a therapeutically effective amount of a bis protic acid salt compound of the following formula:
wherein:
each of R 1 and R 9 is independently selected from: —H, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl;
each of R 3NA and R 3NB is independently selected from: —H, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl;
each of R 7NA and R 7NB is independently selected from: —H, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl; and
each of HX 1 and HX 2 is independently a protic acid, wherein if any of HX 1 or HX 2 is a hydrohalic acid, then each is independently selected from HCl and HBr; thereby inhibiting aggregation of huntingtin, α-synuclein, or superoxide dismutase.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering is oral.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protein is huntingtin.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protein is α-synuclein.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protein is superoxide dismutase.
6. A method of treating Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or multiple system atrophy in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to a subject with Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or multiple system atrophy a therapeutically effective amount of a bis acid protic salt compound of the following formula:
wherein:
each of R 1 and R 9 is independently selected from: —H, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl;
each of R 3NA and R 3NB is independently selected from: —H, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl;
each of R 7NA and R 7NB is independently selected from: —H, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl; and
each of HX 1 and HX 2 is independently a protic acid, wherein if any of HX 1 or HX 2 is a hydrohalic acid, then each is independently selected from HCl and HBr; thereby treating the subject's Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or multiple system atrophy.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the administering is oral.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the disease is Huntington's disease.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the disease is Parkinson's disease.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein the disease is multiple system atrophy.