Systems and methods for measuring side-channel signals for instruction-level events

1. A method comprising:

executing, at a first processor and over a predetermined time period, different first and second instructions in repeated alternations, wherein each alternation comprises executing the first instruction a predetermined number of times followed by executing the second instruction the predetermined number of times;

measuring, via a measuring apparatus, a side-channel signal that results as a side-effect from the first processor executing the first and second instructions in repeated alternations;

filtering, by a second processor, a spectral component of the measured side-channel signal; and

analyzing, by the second processor, the filtered spectral component of the measured side-channel signal to determine power spectral density within a frequency range of the filtered spectral component.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measured side-channel signal comprises a superposition of a first signal energy resulting from the first processor executing the first instruction the predetermined number of times and a second signal energy resulting from the first processor executing the second instruction the predetermined number of times.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the power spectral density within the frequency range represents a difference between the first signal energy and the second signal energy.

4. The method of claim 2 further comprising:

executing, by the first processor, additional instructions necessary for executing the first and second instructions in repeated alternations; and

wherein the side channel signal further comprises additional signal energy resulting from the first processor executing the additional instructions.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein executing, at the first processor, the first and second instructions the predetermined number of times occurs for a duration of time corresponding to an alternation frequency.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the spectral component of the measured side-channel signal is filtered at the alternation frequency.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the side-channel signal that results from the first processor executing the first and second instructions in repeated alternations is periodic.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein executing the first and second instructions in repeated alterations creates a pattern of data-dependent activity in a computing device associated with the first processor.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the side-channel signal that results from the first processor executing the first and second instructions in repeated alternations is dependent on differences in the first and second instructions.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the side-channel signal that results from the first processor executing the first and second instructions in repeated alternations is an electromagnetic signal.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second instructions are different x86 instructions.

12. A system comprising:

a first processor configured to:

execute, over a predetermined time period, different first and second instructions in repeated alternations, wherein each alternation comprises executing the first instruction a predetermined number of times followed by executing the second instruction the predetermined number of times, and wherein executing the first and second instructions the predetermined number of times occurs for a duration of time corresponding to an alternation frequency;

a measuring apparatus configured to:

measure a side-channel signal that results as a side-effect from the first processor executing the first and second instructions in repeated alternations; and

a second processor configured to:

filter, at the alternation frequency, a spectral component of the measured side-channel signal; and

analyze the filtered spectral component of the measured side-channel signal to determine power spectral density within a frequency range of the filtered spectral component.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the measured side-channel signal comprises a superposition of a first signal energy resulting from the first processor executing the first instruction the predetermined number of times and a second signal energy resulting from the first processor executing the second instruction the predetermined number of times.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the power spectral density within the frequency range represents a difference between the first signal energy and the second signal energy.

15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the first processor is further configured to execute additional instructions necessary for executing the first and second instructions in repeated alternations, and wherein the side channel signal further comprises additional signal energy resulting from the first processor executing the additional instructions.

16. The system of claim 12 , wherein the side-channel signal that results from the first processor executing the first and second instructions in repeated alternations is periodic.

17. The system of claim 12 , wherein executing the first and second instructions in repeated alterations creates a pattern of data-dependent activity in a computing device associated with the first processor.

18. The system of claim 12 , wherein the side-channel signal that results from the first processor executing the first and second instructions in repeated alternations is dependent on differences in the first and second instructions.

19. The system of claim 12 , wherein the side-channel signal that results from the first processor executing the first and second instructions in repeated alternations is an electromagnetic signal.

20. The system of claim 12 , wherein the first and second instructions are different x86 instructions.