Resonator electrode shields
A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator includes a resonant semiconductor structure, drive electrode, sense electrode and electrically conductive shielding structure. The first drive electrode generates a time-varying electrostatic force that causes the resonant semiconductor structure to resonate mechanically, and the first sense electrode generates a timing signal in response to the mechanical resonance of the resonant semiconductor structure. The electrically conductive shielding structure is disposed between the first drive electrode and the first sense electrode to shield the first sense electrode from electric field lines emanating from the first drive electrode.
1. A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator comprising:
a resonant semiconductor structure;
a first drive electrode to generate a time-varying electrostatic force that causes the resonant semiconductor structure to resonate mechanically;
a first sense electrode to generate a timing signal in response to the mechanical resonance of the resonant semiconductor structure; and
a first electrically conductive shielding structure disposed between the first drive electrode and the first sense electrode to shield the first sense electrode from electric field lines emanating from the first drive electrode.
2. The MEMS resonator of claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive shielding structure comprises doped silicon.
3. The MEMS resonator of claim 1 further comprising a semiconductor substrate and a support element that secures the resonant semiconductor structure to the semiconductor substrate.
4. The MEMS resonator of claim 3 wherein the support element comprises at least one of an isolation structure, a flexure, or an anchor.
5. The MEMS resonator of claim 3 further comprising a second electrically conductive shielding structure disposed between the first sense electrode and the support element.
6. The MEMS resonator of claim 3 further comprising a second electrically conductive shielding structure disposed between the first drive electrode and the support element.
7. The MEMS resonator of claim 1 wherein the first electrically conductive shielding structure is coupled to a DC reference voltage node.
8. The MEMS resonator of claim 1 further comprising:
a second drive electrode that cooperates with the first drive electrode to differentially generate the time-varying electrostatic force; and
a second sense electrode that cooperates with the first sense electrode to differentially generate the timing signal.
9. The MEMS resonator of claim 8 further wherein the first electrically conductive shielding structure is disposed between the second drive electrode and the second sense electrode.
10. The MEMS resonator of claim 8 wherein the resonant semiconductor structure comprises a first resonant member disposed between the first and second drive electrodes and a second resonant member disposed between the first and second sense electrodes.
11. The MEMS resonator of claim 1 wherein the resonant semiconductor structure is disposed between the first drive electrode and the first sense electrode.
12. A method of operation within a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator having a resonant semiconductor structure, the method comprising:
generating a time-varying electrostatic force at a first drive electrode to cause the resonant semiconductor structure to resonate mechanically;
generating a timing signal within a first sense electrode in response to the mechanical resonance of the resonant semiconductor structure; and
shielding the first sense electrode from electric field lines emanating from the first drive electrode via a conductive shielding structure disposed between the first drive electrode and the first sense electrode.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein shielding the first sense electrode from the electric field lines via the conductive shielding structure comprises conducting, to a DC reference voltage node, a current induced within the first shielding structure by the electric field lines.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the wherein the electrically conductive shielding structure comprises doped silicon.
15. A method of fabricating a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator, the method comprising:
forming a resonant semiconductor structure, a first drive electrode adjacent the resonant semiconductor structure, and a first sense electrode adjacent the resonant semiconductor structure; and
disposing a first electrically conductive shielding structure between the first drive electrode and the first sense electrode to shield the first sense electrode from electric field lines emanating from the first drive electrode during operation of the MEMS resonator.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein forming the resonant semiconductor structure comprises forming the resonant semiconductor structure from a semiconductor substrate, the method further comprising forming a support element that secures the resonant semiconductor structure to the semiconductor substrate.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein forming the support element comprises forming at least one of an isolation structure, a flexure, or an anchor from the semiconductor substrate.
18. The method of claim 16 further comprising disposing a second electrically conductive shielding structure between the first sense electrode and the support element.
19. The method of claim 16 further comprising disposing a second electrically conductive shielding structure between the first drive electrode and the support element.
20. The method of claim 15 wherein forming the resonant semiconductor structure comprises forming the resonant semiconductor structure from a first region of a semiconductor substrate and wherein disposing the first electrically conductive shielding structure between the first drive electrode and the first sense electrode comprises: forming a shielding member from a second region of the semiconductor substrate; and doping the shielding member to render the shielding member electrically conductive.