Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with flow encoding

1. A method for providing magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow of a volume of an object in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, comprising:

providing contrast agent to the volume of the object;

applying magnetic resonance excitation from the MRI system to the volume of the object;

reading out by the MRI system a subsample of less than 10% of spatially resolved data and velocity encoded data with respect to time, wherein the reading out acquires dynamic contrast data and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow data from one data acquisition sequence; and

determining both dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow by applying both phase contrast image reconstruction and dynamic-contrast-enhanced image reconstruction to the readout subsample, wherein the determining both dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow by applying both phase contrast image reconstruction and dynamic-contrast-enhanced image reconstruction to the readout subsample is determined without warping and without image registration.

2. The method, as recited in claim 1 , further comprising displaying both dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow.

3. The method, as recited in claim 2 , further comprising using the readout subsample to determine heart function and respiratory function.

4. The method, as recited in claim 3 , further comprising displaying heart and/or respiratory function at a most optimal contrast-enhancement phase.

5. The method, as recited in claim 3 , further comprising displaying heart function and respiratory function.

6. The method, as recited in claim 3 , further comprising displaying dynamic contrast with respiratory movement for any cardiac phase.

7. The method, as recited in claim 3 , further comprising displaying velocity with respiratory movement for any cardiac phase.

8. The method, as recited in claim 3 , further comprising displaying respiratory movement with frozen cardiac movement.

9. The method, as recited in claim 3 , further comprising displaying cardiac or respiratory movement with an optimized contrast on a display.

10. The method, as recited in claim 3 , further comprising displaying cardiac movement for a respiratory state.

11. The method, as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reading out by the MRI system a subsample of less than 10% of spatially resolved data and velocity encoded data with respect to time uses Variable-Density sampling and Radial view-ordering (VDRad) scheme that groups the Cartesian (ky,kz)-samples into spiral-radial spokes that samples k-space with variable-density.

12. The method, as recited in claim 1 , further comprising using the velocity encoded data to motion correct the spatial resolved data.

13. The method, as recited in claim 1 , further comprising using compressed sensing.

14. The method, as recited in claim 1 , wherein the determining both dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric flow (4D) fits the subsample to a model using a function of cardiac and respiratory movement.

15. The method, as recited in claim 1 , wherein the applying the magnetic resonance from the MRI system to the volume of the object and reading out a subsample of less than 10% of spatial resolved data and velocity encoded data with respect to time takes over a minute to readout the entire volume once, and wherein a time resolution of less than one second is provided.

16. A method for providing magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow of a volume of an object in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, comprising:

a) providing contrast agent to the volume of the object;

b) applying magnetic resonance excitation from the MRI system to the volume of the object;

c) reading out by the MRI system a subsample of less than 10% of spatially resolved data and velocity encoded data with respect to time with an accelerated readout, wherein the reading out acquires dynamic contrast data and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow data from one data acquisition sequence;

d) repeating steps b and c a plurality of times until the entire volume is readout;

e) using the readout subsample to determine both dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow, by applying both phase contrast image reconstruction and dynamic-contrast-enhanced image reconstruction to the readout subsample, wherein the determining both dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow by applying both phase contrast image reconstruction and dynamic-contrast-enhanced image reconstruction to the readout subsample is determined without warping and without image registration; and

displaying both dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow on a display.

17. An apparatus for providing magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow of a volume of an object, comprising:

a magnetic resonance imaging excitation and detection system; and

a controller electrically connected to the magnetic resonance imaging excitation and detection system, comprising:

a display;

at least one processor; and

computer readable media, comprising:

computer readable code for applying magnetic resonance excitation from the MRI system to the volume of the object;

computer readable code for reading out by the MRI system a subsample of less than 10% of spatially resolved data and velocity encoded data with respect to time, wherein the reading out acquires dynamic contrast data and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow data from one data acquisition sequence;

computer readable code for using the readout subsample to determine both dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric 4D by applying both phase contrast image reconstruction and dynamic-contrast-enhanced image reconstruction to the readout subsample, wherein the determining both dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow by applying both phase contrast image reconstruction and dynamic-contrast-enhanced image reconstruction to the readout subsample is determined without warping and without image registration; and

computer readable code for displaying both dynamic contrast and cardiac-phase-resolved volumetric (4D) flow on the display.

18. The method, as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reading out by the MRI system a subsample of less than 10% of spatially resolved data and velocity encoded data with respect to time is an integrated phase contrast imaging and dynamic-contrast-enhanced imaging data acquisition.