Producing resins from organic waste products
Producing a resin from an organic waste product includes assessing a weight percent of a first volatile fatty acid and a weight percent of a second volatile fatty acid in a liquid mixture having volatile fatty acids from the organic waste product. The weight percent of the volatile fatty acids is based on the total weight of the carboxylic acids in the liquid mixture, the total weight of volatile fatty acids in the liquid mixture, or the total weight of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in the mixture. A ratio of the weight percent of the first volatile fatty acid to the weight percent of the second volatile fatty acid in the liquid mixture is adjusted to yield a modified liquid mixture. The modified liquid is combined with polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria to yield a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer; and the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer is extracted from the polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria.
1. A method of producing a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer from an organic waste product, the method comprising:
liquefying the organic waste product to yield a liquefied organic waste product, wherein the organic waste product is a non-homogeneous mixture comprising solids, and liquefying the organic waste product comprises contacting the organic waste product with hydrolytic bacteria to hydrolyze the organic waste product;
combining acidogenic bacteria with a feedstock comprising the liquefied organic waste product to yield a liquid mixture comprising a first volatile fatty acid and a second volatile fatty acid; assessing a wt % of the first volatile fatty acid and a wt % of the second volatile fatty acid in the liquid mixture based on the total weight of the carboxylic acids in the liquid mixture, the total weight of volatile fatty acids in the liquid mixture, or the total weight of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in the liquid mixture;
after assessing the wt % of the first volatile fatty acid and the wt % of the second volatile fatty acid in the liquid mixture, adjusting a ratio of the wt % of the first volatile fatty acid to the wt % of the second volatile fatty acid in the liquid mixture to yield a modified liquid mixture having a ratio of the wt % of the first volatile fatty acid to the wt % of the second volatile fatty acid in the modified liquid mixture in a target range;
after adjusting a ratio of the wt % of the first volatile fatty acid to the wt % of the second volatile fatty acid in the liquid mixture to yield the modified liquid mixture, combining the modified liquid mixture with polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria to yield a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer; and
extracting the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer from the polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein liquefying the organic waste product further comprises converting the organic waste product into short-chain soluble carbohydrates.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the relative concentration of the first volatile fatty acid and the second volatile fatty acid comprises combining an additional quantity of the first volatile fatty acid, an additional quantity of the second volatile fatty acid, or both to the liquid mixture.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the relative concentration of the first volatile fatty acid and the second volatile fatty acid comprises removing a quantity of the first volatile fatty acid, a quantity of the second volatile fatty acid, or both from the liquid mixture.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the second volatile fatty acid is physically larger than the first volatile fatty acid in at least one dimension, and further comprising:
directing the fluid mixture through a first conduit towards a first filter with a maximum pore size that is selected to allow at least the first volatile fatty acid and the second volatile fatty acid to pass therethrough while preventing compounds larger than the first volatile fatty acid and the second volatile fatty acid from passing through the first filter;
directing the first filtrate passing through the first filter towards a second filter with pores large enough to allow the first volatile fatty acid to pass therethrough and small enough to inhibit the second volatile fatty acid from passing through the second filter; and
removing a liquid containing the second volatile fatty acid from a conduit between the first filter and the second filter.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising inducing an electromagnetic field in the first conduit adjacent the second filter, the electromagnetic field having a strength and polarity selected to inhibit the second volatile fatty acid from passing through the second filter.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified liquid mixture comprises at least two of acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, iso-butyric acid, valeric acid, iso-valeric acid, and hexanoic acid.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the modified liquid mixture comprises at least 30 wt % acetic acid, 0 wt % to 70 wt % propionic acid, 0 wt % to 30 wt % lactic acid, and 0 wt % to 50 wt % butyric acid, 0 wt % to 30 wt % iso-butyric acid, 0 wt % to 50 wt % valeric acid, 0 wt % to 30 wt % iso-valeric acid, and 0 wt % to 50 wt % hexanoic acid based on the total weight of carboxylic acids in the modified liquid mixture, the total weight of volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture, or the total weight of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the modified liquid mixture comprises at least 60 wt % acetic acid, 0 wt % to 40 wt % propionic acid, 0 wt % to 10 wt % lactic acid, 0 wt % to 40 wt % butyric acid, 0 wt % to 40 wt % iso-butyric acid, 0 wt % to 40 wt % valeric acid, 0 wt % to 40 wt % iso-valeric acid, and 0 wt % to 40 wt % hexanoic acid based on the total weight of carboxylic acids in the modified liquid mixture, the total weight of volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture, or the total weight of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the modified liquid mixture comprises at least 80 wt % acetic acid, 0 wt % to 20 wt % propionic acid, 0 wt % to 5 wt % lactic acid, 0 wt % to 20 wt % butyric acid, 0 wt % to 20 wt % iso-butyric acid, 0 wt % to 20 wt % valeric acid, 0 wt % to 20 wt % iso-valeric acid, and 0 wt % to 20 wt % hexanoic acid based on the total weight of carboxylic acids in the modified liquid mixture, the total weight of volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture, or the total weight of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the modified liquid mixture comprises 60 wt % to 80 wt % acetic acid, 10 wt % to 20 wt % propionic acid, 0 wt % to 10 wt % lactic acid, 5 wt % to 20 wt % butyric acid, 0 wt % to 7 wt % iso-butyric acid, 0 wt % to 10 wt % valeric acid, 0 wt % to 7 wt % iso-valeric acid, and 0 wt % to 10 wt % hexanoic acid based on the total weight of carboxylic acids in the modified liquid mixture, the total weight of volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture, or the total weight of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the modified liquid mixture comprises 75 wt % to 80 wt % acetic acid, 20 wt % to 25 wt % propionic acid, 0 wt % to 1 wt % lactic acid, 0 wt % to 5 wt % butyric acid, 0 wt % to 1 wt % iso-butyric acid, 0 wt % to 5 wt % valeric acid, 0 wt % to 5 wt % iso-valeric acid, and 0 wt % to 1 wt % hexanoic acid based on the total weight of carboxylic acids in the modified liquid mixture, the total weight of volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture, or the total weight of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the modified liquid mixture comprises 80 wt % to 100 wt %, 60 wt % to 80 wt %, 40 wt % to 60 wt %, 20 wt % to 40 wt %, or 0 wt % to 20 wt % of acetic acid and propionic acid based on the total weight of carboxylic acids in the modified liquid mixture, the total weight of volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture, or the total weight of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids in the modified liquid mixture.
14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the modified liquid mixture comprises a ratio of wt % of acetic acid to wt % of propionic acid in a range of 0.4 to 13.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the modified liquid mixture comprises a ratio of wt % of acetic acid to wt % of propionic acid of 3/7, 29/16, 9/5, 3/2, 39/11, 22/3, or 93/7.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer comprises polyhydroxybutyrate and polyhydroxyvalerate.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer comprises lactic acid residues.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer comprises 50 wt % to 90 wt % (dry matter) of polyhydroxybutyrate, up to 1 wt % lactic acid residue, and the balance polyhydroxyvalerate.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the ratio of the wt % of the first volatile fatty acid to the wt % of the second volatile fatty acid in the liquid mixture to yield the modified liquid mixture occurs automatically.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the ratio of the wt % of the first volatile fatty acid to the wt % of the second volatile fatty acid comprises fermenting the liquid mixture at a pH in a range of 4 to 6 to yield the modified liquid mixture.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the ratio of the wt % of the first volatile fatty acid to the wt % of the second volatile fatty acid in the liquid mixture to yield the modified liquid mixture comprises a feedback process.
22. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, after combining the modified liquid mixture with the polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria, maintaining the ratio of the wt % of the first volatile fatty acid to the wt % of the second volatile fatty acid in the target range.