Anterior endoderm cells
Disclosed herein are cell cultures comprising PDX1-positive endoderm cells and methods of producing the same. Also disclosed herein are cell populations comprising substantially purified PDX1-positive endoderm cells as well as methods for enriching, isolating and purifying, PDX1-positive endoderm cells to other cell types. Methods of identifying differentiation factors capable of promoting the differentiation of endoderm cells, such as PDX1-positive foregut endoderm cells and PDX1-negative definitive endoderm cells, are also disclosed.
1 - 109 . (canceled)
110 . An in vitro cell culture comprising human anterior endoderm cells and an effective amount of a retinoid.
111 . The in vitro cell culture of claim 110 , wherein the retinoid is retinoic acid (RA).
112 . The in vitro cell culture of claim 111 , wherein the RA is provided at a concentration of greater than 0.2 μM.
113 . The in vitro cell culture of claim 111 , wherein the RA is provided at a concentration ranging from about 0.2 μM to about 50 μM.
114 . The in vitro cell culture of claim 111 , wherein the RA is provided at a concentration of about 1 μM.
115 . The in vitro cell culture of claim 110 , wherein the human anterior endoderm cells are derived from human pluripotent cells.
116 . The in vitro cell culture of claim 110 , wherein the human anterior endoderm cells are derived from human definitive endoderm cells.
117 . The in vitro cell culture of claim 110 , wherein the human anterior endoderm cells express HOXA3.
118 . The in vitro cell culture of claim 110 , wherein the human anterior endoderm cells do not express alpha-fetoprotein, CDX1, HOXC6, HOXA13, SOX1 or NFM.
119 . The in vitro cell culture of claim 110 , wherein the anterior endoderm cells are multipotent cells that can differentiate into pharynx, lung, esophagus or trachea cells.
120 . The in vitro cell culture of claim 110 , wherein the human anterior endoderm cells are differentiated from human definitive endoderm cells at a rate that is faster than naturally occurring anterior endoderm cells are differentiated from human definitive endoderm cells.
121 . An in vitro cell population comprising a) human cells that express HOXA3 and b) an effective amount of a retinoid.
122 . The in vitro cell population of claim 121 , wherein the human cells express HOXA3 to a greater extent than HOXC6 or HOXA13.
123 . The in vitro cell population of claim 121 , wherein the retinoid is RA.
124 . The in vitro cell population of claim 123 , wherein the RA is provided at a concentration of about 1 μM.
125 . The in vitro cell population of claim 121 , wherein the human cells that express HOXA3 are derived from human pluripotent cells.
126 . The in vitro cell population of claim 121 , wherein the cells that express HOXA3 are differentiated from human definitive endoderm cells at a faster rate than naturally occurring cells that express HOXA3 are differentiated from human definitive endoderm.
127 . A definitive endoderm cell culture comprising a retinoid.
128 . The definitive endoderm cell culture of claim 127 , wherein the retinoid is RA.
129 . The definitive endoderm cell culture of claim 128 , wherein the RA is provided at a concentration of about 1 μM.