Compact insert design for cryogenic pressure vessels

1. A pressure vessel apparatus for cryogenic capable storage of hydrogen or other cryogenic gases at high pressure and for connection to external components, comprising:

a pressure container having a central axis;

an interior cavity in said pressure container;

an internally threaded opening in said pressure container, said internally threaded opening interfacing with said inner cavity;

a two-piece insert adapted to be threadedly secured in said internally threaded opening in said pressure container; said two-piece insert including

a first piece outer cylinder with

a first piece outer cylinder parallel inlet duct in said first piece outer cylinder of said insert that is parallel with said central axis;

a first piece outer cylinder perpendicular inlet duct in said first piece outer cylinder of said insert connected to said first piece outer cylinder parallel inlet duct in said first piece outer cylinder of said insert, wherein said first piece outer cylinder perpendicular inlet duct is perpendicular to said central axis and wherein said first piece outer cylinder perpendicular inlet duct and said first piece outer cylinder parallel inlet duct are connected;

a first piece outer cylinder parallel outlet duct in said first piece outer cylinder of said insert that is parallel with said central axis; and

a first piece outer cylinder perpendicular outlet duct connected to said first piece outer cylinder parallel outlet duct in said first piece outer cylinder of said insert, wherein said first piece outer cylinder perpendicular outlet duct is perpendicular to said central axis and wherein said first piece outer cylinder perpendicular outlet duct and said first piece outer cylinder parallel inlet duct are connected;

said insert including a second piece inner cylinder with

a second piece inner cylinder parallel inlet duct in said second piece inner cylinder of said insert that is parallel with said central axis, wherein said second piece inner cylinder parallel inlet duct is connected to said first piece outer cylinder parallel inlet duct;

a second piece inner cylinder parallel outlet duct in said second piece inner cylinder of said insert that is parallel with said central axis, wherein said second piece inner cylinder parallel outlet duct is connected to said first piece outer cylinder parallel outlet duct; and

a joint that attaches said first piece outer cylinder to said second piece inner cylinder.

2. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 1 wherein said two-piece insert is a cylinder with external threads that engage said internally threaded opening in said pressure container.

3. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 1 wherein said two-piece insert is a cylinder and wherein said outer cylinder parallel inlet duct and said outer cylinder perpendicular inlet duct are drilled passages in said cylinder.

4. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 1 wherein said two-piece insert is a cylinder and wherein said outer cylinder parallel inlet duct and said outer cylinder perpendicular inlet duct are cast passages in said cylinder.

5. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 1 wherein said two-piece insert is a cylinder and wherein said inner cylinder parallel inlet duct is a drilled passage in said cylinder.

6. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 1 wherein said two-piece insert is a cylinder and wherein said inner cylinder parallel outlet duct is a cast passages in said cylinder.

7. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 1 wherein said insert is a stainless steel metal cylinder.

8. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 1 wherein said two-piece insert is a bi-metal cylinder made of aluminum and stainless steel with said bimetallic joint attaching said first piece outer cylinder and said second piece inner cylinder together.

9. A pressure vessel apparatus for cryogenic capable storage of hydrogen or other cryogenic gases at high pressure and for connection to external components, comprising:

a pressure vessel having a central axis;

said pressure vessel including

an inner pressure container,

an inner liner connected to said inner pressure container,

an outer container,

an evacuated space in said outer container, and

thermal insulator in said evacuated space;

an interior cavity inside said inner pressure container;

an internally threaded opening in said pressure vessel, said internally threaded opening interfacing with said inner cavity and extending through said inner pressure container, said inner liner, said outer container, said evacuated space, and said thermal insulator;

a two-piece insert adapted to be threadedly secured in said internally threaded opening in said pressure vessel;

said two-piece insert including a first piece outer cylinder with

a first piece outer cylinder parallel inlet duct in said first piece outer cylinder of said two-piece insert that is parallel with said central axis;

a first piece outer cylinder perpendicular inlet duct connected to said first piece outer cylinder parallel inlet duct in said first piece outer cylinder of said insert, wherein said first piece outer cylinder perpendicular inlet duct is perpendicular to said central axis;

a first piece outer cylinder parallel outlet duct in said insert that is parallel with said central axis; and

a first piece outer cylinder perpendicular outlet duct connected to said first piece outer cylinder parallel outlet duct in said insert, wherein said perpendicular outlet duct is perpendicular to said central axis;

said insert including a second piece inner cylinder with

a second piece inner cylinder parallel inlet duct in said second piece inner cylinder of said insert that is parallel with said central axis, wherein said second piece inner cylinder parallel inlet duct is connected to said first piece outer cylinder parallel inlet duct wherein said second piece inner cylinder parallel inlet duct and said first piece inner cylinder parallel inlet duct connect said interior cavity with the external components;

a second piece inner cylinder parallel outlet duct in said second piece inner cylinder of said insert that is parallel with said central axis, wherein said second piece inner cylinder parallel outlet duct and said first piece inner cylinder parallel outlet duct connect said interior cavity with the external components; and

a joint that attaches said first piece outer cylinder to said second piece inner cylinder.

10. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 9 wherein said two-piece insert is a cylinder with external threads that engage said internally threaded opening in said pressure vessel.

11. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 9 wherein said two-piece insert is a cylinder and wherein said outer cylinder parallel inlet duct and said outer cylinder perpendicular inlet duct are drilled passages in said cylinder.

12. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 9 wherein said two-piece insert is a cylinder and wherein said outer cylinder parallel inlet duct and said outer cylinder perpendicular inlet duct are cast passages in said cylinder.

13. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 9 wherein said two-piece insert is a cylinder and wherein said inner cylinder parallel inlet duct is a drilled passage in said cylinder.

14. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 9 wherein said two-piece insert is a cylinder and wherein said inner cylinder parallel outlet duct is a cast passages in said cylinder.

15. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 9 wherein said insert is a stainless steel metal cylinder.

16. The pressure vessel apparatus of claim 9 wherein said two-piece insert is a bi-metal cylinder made of aluminum and stainless steel with said bimetallic joint attaching said first piece outer cylinder and said second piece inner cylinder together.