System and method for reducing pulsatile pressure

1. Apparatus for improving compliance of a pulmonary artery, the apparatus comprising: a subcutaneously implantable reservoir configured to hold a fluid; a conduit having first and second implantable ends, the first implantable end configured to be coupled to the subcutaneously implantable reservoir to provide fluidic communication between the subcutaneously implantable reservoir and the conduit; and a compliant body configured to be fully implantable, the compliant body coupled to the second implantable end of the conduit to provide fluidic communication between the compliant body and the conduit, the compliant body configured to be implanted in the pulmonary artery; and a fluid disposed in the subcutaneously implantable reservoir, conduit, and compliant body, the fluid pressurized such that the compliant body transitions between an expanded state and a contracted state responsive to pressure change in the pulmonary artery, wherein a distal end of the compliant body comprises a T shape configured to form arms that extend into branches of the pulmonary artery, distal to bifurcation of the pulmonary artery, and wherein the compliant body is configured to transition to the contracted state during systole to move fluid towards the reservoir and to transition to the expanded state during diastole.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an injection port coupled to the subcutaneously implantable reservoir, the injection port configured to permit fluid filling and pressure adjustments.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the injection port is mounted directly on the subcutaneously implantable reservoir.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an anchoring member configured to anchor the compliant body in the pulmonary artery.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the anchoring system is configured to be anchored in the pulmonary artery distal to bifurcation of the pulmonary artery.

6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the anchoring system comprises a wire removably coupled to the compliant body.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the wire is configured to be inserted through a lumen in the conduit.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a sheath having a sheath lumen therethrough, the compliant body and the conduit configured to be introduced through the sheath lumen.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 , further comprising an anchoring member coupled to the sheath, the anchoring member configured to anchor the sheath in the pulmonary artery.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conduit comprises two lumens extending between the compliant body and the subcutaneously implantable reservoir.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising a one-way valve disposed in one of the two lumens, the one-way valve configured to permit the fluid to flow to the compliant body through one lumen and return from the compliant body through another lumen.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is compressible.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid comprises a gas.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor configured to monitor at least one of fluid pressure or volume.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the sensor is disposed within the subcutaneously implantable reservoir.

16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the compliant body comprises a material configured to reduce diffusion of the fluid from the compliant body.

17. A method for improving compliance of a pulmonary artery, the method comprising: implanting a compliant body within a pulmonary artery, the compliant body configured to be coupled to a conduit and fluidly coupled to a reservoir configured to hold a fluid, the fluid pressurized such that the compliant body transitions between an expanded stated and a contracted state responsive to pressure change in the pulmonary artery, wherein a distal end of the compliant body has a T shape configured to form arms that extend into branches of the pulmonary artery, distal to bifurcation of the pulmonary artery; contracting the compliant body to the contracted state responsive to a pressure change in the pulmonary artery during systole to move the fluid towards the reservoir; and expanding the compliant body to the expanded state responsive to a pressure change in the pulmonary artery during diastole.

18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising anchoring the compliant body within the pulmonary artery using an anchoring member.

19. The method of claim 17 , wherein implanting the compliant body comprises implanting the compliant body through a sheath.

20. The method of claim 17 , further comprising filling the reservoir with the fluid via an injection port attached to the reservoir.

21. Apparatus for improving compliance of a pulmonary artery, the apparatus comprising: a reservoir configured to hold a fluid; a conduit in fluidic communication with the reservoir; a balloon in fluidic communication with the conduit and the reservoir, the balloon configured to be implanted in the pulmonary artery, wherein the fluid is pressurized such that the balloon transitions between an expanded state and a contracted state responsive to pressure change in the pulmonary artery; and an anchor configured to anchor the balloon in the pulmonary artery, the anchor comprising wire configured to be disposed in a lumen in the conduit.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 , where the transitions of the balloon between the expanded state and the contracted state treat pulmonary hypertension.

23. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the balloon comprises a Y or T shape configured to form arms that extend into branches of the pulmonary artery, distal to bifurcation of the pulmonary artery.

24. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the balloon is configured to transition to the contracted state during systole to move the fluid towards the reservoir and to transition to the expanded state during diastole.

25. The apparatus of claim 21 , further comprising an injection port coupled to the reservoir, the injection port configured to permit fluid filling and pressure adjustments.

26. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the injection port is mounted directly on the reservoir and the reservoir is configured to be implanted subcutaneously.

27. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the anchor is disposed distal to the balloon in the pulmonary artery.

28. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the anchor is configured to be anchored in the pulmonary artery distal to bifurcation of the pulmonary artery.

29. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the anchor is configured to extend out a distal end of the conduit.

30. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the wire comprises members configured to be compressed in a sheath and configured to expand to contact an inner wall of the pulmonary artery upon removal of the sheath.

31. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the conduit and the balloon are moveable along the wire.

32. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the anchor is configured to expand outwardly upon deployment to contact an inner wall of the pulmonary artery.

33. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the conduit is configured to be pulled proximally to remove the balloon from the pulmonary artery.

34. The apparatus of claim 21 , further comprising a sheath having a sheath lumen, the balloon and the conduit configured to be introduced through the sheath lumen.

35. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the fluid comprises a gas.

36. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein the gas comprises nitrogen or carbon dioxide or both.

37. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the fluid is compressible.

38. A method for improving compliance of a pulmonary artery, the method comprising: anchoring a balloon within a pulmonary artery using an anchor, the balloon configured to be coupled to a conduit and fluidly coupled to a reservoir configured to hold a fluid, the fluid pressurized such that the balloon transitions between an expanded stated and a contracted state responsive to pressure change in the pulmonary artery, the anchor comprising wire configured to be disposed in a lumen in the conduit; contracting the balloon to the contracted state responsive to a pressure change in the pulmonary artery during systole to move the fluid towards the reservoir; and expanding the balloon to the expanded state responsive to a pressure change in the pulmonary artery during diastole.

39. The method of claim 38 , wherein the contracting and the expanding the balloon treat pulmonary hypertension.

40. The method of claim 38 , wherein anchoring the balloon within the pulmonary artery using the anchor comprises outwardly expanding the anchor upon deployment to contact an inner wall of the pulmonary artery.

41. The method of claim 38 , wherein anchoring the balloon comprises implanting the balloon through a sheath.

42. The method of claim 38 , further comprising filling the reservoir with the fluid via an injection port attached to the reservoir.