Genetically modified mouse whose genome comprises a humanized CD274 gene
Non-human animals, methods and compositions for making and using the same, are provided, wherein said non-human animals comprise a humanization of a Cluster of Differentiation 274 (CD274) gene. Such non-human animals may be described, in some embodiments, as having a genetic modification to an endogenous CD274 gene so that said non-human animals express a Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) polypeptide that includes a human portion and an endogenous portion (e.g., a non-human portion).
1. A genetically modified mouse whose genome comprises a humanized CD274 gene at an endogenous CD274 locus, wherein said humanized CD274 gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the extracellular sequence of a human CD274 polypeptide, operably linked to
(i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the intracellular sequence and the transmembrane sequence of an endogenous mouse CD274 polypeptide, and
(ii) an endogenous mouse CD274 promoter;
and wherein said mouse expresses a functional humanized CD274 polypeptide.
2. The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the intracellular and transmembrane sequences of the endogenous mouse CD274 polypeptide comprises exon 6, exon 7, and a portion of exon 5 of the endogenous mouse CD274 gene.
3. The genetically modified mouse of claim 2 , wherein the humanized CD274 gene further comprises exon 1 and exon 2 of the endogenous mouse CD274 gene.
4. The genetically modified mouse of claim 3 , wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the extracellular sequence of the human CD274 polypeptide comprises exon 3, exon 4, and a portion of exon 5 of a human CD274 gene.
5. A method of screening for a drug capable of treating a tumor, the method comprising the steps of
(a) administering tumor cells to the mouse of claim 1 such that a tumor is formed in the mouse,
(b) administering a drug to the mouse of step (a); and
(c) determining whether tumor growth is reduced in the mouse of step (b), wherein a drug that reduces tumor growth is capable of treating a tumor.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the drug is an antibody directed against human CD274.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the drug is administered to the mouse intravenously, intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously.
8. An isolated mouse cell or tissue whose genome comprises a humanized CD274 gene at an endogenous CD274 locus, wherein said humanized CD274 gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the extracellular sequence of a human CD274 polypeptide, operably linked to
(i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the intracellular sequence and the transmembrane sequence of an endogenous mouse CD274 polypeptide, and
(ii) an endogenous mouse CD274 promoter; and
wherein the isolated mouse cell or tissue expresses a functional humanized CD274 polypeptide.
9. An isolated mouse embryonic stem cell whose genome comprises a humanized CD274 gene at an endogenous CD274 locus, wherein said humanized CD274 gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the extracellular sequence of a human CD274 polypeptide, operably linked to
(i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the intracellular sequence and the transmembrane sequence of an endogenous mouse CD274 polypeptide, and
(ii) an endogenous mouse CD274 promoter; and
wherein the humanized CD274 gene encodes a functional humanized CD274 polypeptide.
10. A mouse embryo generated from the embryonic stem cell of claim 9 .
11. A method of making a genetically modified mouse, comprising
(a) inserting a nucleic acid sequence that encodes the extracellular sequence of a human CD274 polypeptide into an endogenous mouse CD274 gene in a mouse embryonic stem cell; and
(b) obtaining a mouse using the mouse embryonic stem cell of (a), wherein the genome of the mouse comprises a humanized CD274 gene at the endogenous mouse CD274 locus, wherein said humanized CD274 gene comprises the nucleic acid sequence encoding the extracellular sequence of the human CD274 polypeptide, operably linked to
(i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the intracellular sequence and the transmembrane sequence of an endogenous mouse CD274 polypeptide, and
(ii) an endogenous mouse CD274 promoter; and
wherein the mouse expresses a functional humanized CD274 polypeptide.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the extracellular sequence of the human CD274 polypeptide encodes amino acids 19-238 of the human CD274 polypeptide.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the extracellular sequence of the human CD274 polypeptide comprises exon 3, exon 4, and a portion of exon 5 of a human CD274 gene.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the intracellular and transmembrane sequences of the endogenous mouse CD274 polypeptide comprises exon 6, exon 7, and a portion of exon 5 of the endogenous mouse CD274 gene.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the humanized CD274 gene further comprises exon 1 and exon 2 of the endogenous mouse CD274 gene.
16. A method of making a mouse whose genome comprises a humanized CD274 gene, the method comprising
modifying the genome of a mouse so that the modified genome comprises a humanized CD274 gene at an endogenous CD274 locus, wherein said humanized CD274 gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the extracellular sequence of a human CD274 polypeptide, operably linked to
(i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the intracellular sequence and the transmembrane sequence of an endogenous mouse CD274 polypeptide, and
(ii) an endogenous mouse CD274 promoter; and
wherein the mouse expresses a functional humanized CD274 polypeptide.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the extracellular sequence of the human CD274 polypeptide comprises exon 3, exon 4, and a portion of exon 5 of a human CD274 gene.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the intracellular and transmembrane sequences of the endogenous mouse CD274 polypeptide comprises exon 6, exon 7, and a portion of exon 5 of the endogenous mouse CD274 gene.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the humanized CD274 gene further comprises exon 1 and exon 2 of the endogenous mouse CD274 gene.