High capacity lithium ion batteries having oxides, peroxides, or superoxides as cathode active material
Described herein is an electrochemical device including a cathode containing an electroactive material including LO 2 or L 2 O 2 , wherein each L is independently selected from Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, and Al; the electroactive material is carbon-coated, metal-coated, metal oxide-coated, nano-sized, or doped; and the electroactive material is substantially free of transition metal catalyst.
1. A cathode comprising an electroactive material comprising LO 2 or L 2 O 2 , wherein each L is independently selected from Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, and Al; the electroactive material is metal-coated, metal oxide-coated, or doped; the electroactive material has less than or equal to 10 wt. % of transition metal catalyst; and the electroactive material is non-cycled active material, wherein the electroactive material is doped with Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Al, Cu, Mn, Nd, Ag, Ti, Ni, Cd, Ir, Ta, Y, Zr, Nb, Rh, or Cr.
2. The cathode of claim 1 , further comprising a current collector, a conductive carbon material, a binder, or any combination thereof.
3. An electrochemical device comprising the cathode of claim 1 .
4. The electrochemical device of claim 3 , wherein the electrochemical device is a lithium-ion battery.
5. The electrochemical device of claim 4 , wherein the lithium-ion battery further comprises an anode and a separator.
6. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein the anode comprises a current collector, a conductive carbon material, a binder, or any combination thereof.
7. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein the anode is a metallic lithium anode.
8. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein the anode is substantially free of metallic lithium.
9. An electroactive material comprising LO 2 or L 2 O 2 , wherein each L is independently selected from Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, and Al; the electroactive material is metal-coated, metal oxide-coated, or doped; and the electroactive material is non-cycled active material, wherein the electroactive material is doped with a dopant selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Al, Cu, Mn, Nd, Ag, Ti, Ni, Cd, Ir, Ta, Y, Zr, Nb, Rh, and Cr.
10. The electroactive material of claim 9 , wherein L is independently Li or K.
11. The electroactive material of claim 10 , wherein L is Li.
12. The electroactive material of claim 9 , wherein LO 2 or L 2 O 2 is present in the electroactive material in an amount of from about 50 wt. % to about 100 wt. %.
13. The electroactive material of claim 9 , wherein the dopant is present in the electroactive material in an amount of from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.
14. The electroactive material of claim 9 , wherein the electroactive material comprises metal-coated particles of LO 2 or L 2 O 2 .
15. The electroactive material of claim 14 , wherein the metal-coated particles are coated with a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, nickel, silver, gold, and platinum.
16. An electroactive material comprising LO 2 or L 2 O 2 , wherein each L is independently selected from Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, and Al; the electroactive material is metal-coated.
17. The electroactive material of claim 16 , wherein the metal-coated particles are coated with a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, nickel, silver, gold, and platinum.