Color display based on spatial clustering
A color display has a monochrome modulator. An active area of the modulator is illuminated by an array of light sources. The light sources include light sources of three or more colors. The intensities of the light sources may be adjusted to project desired luminance patterns on an active area of the modulator. In a fast field sequential method different colors are projected sequentially. The modulator is set to modulate the projected luminance patterns to display a desired image. In a slow field sequential method, colors are projected simultaneously and the modulator is set to modulate most important colors in the image.
1. A method for controlling a display to display a color image specified by image data, the image data specifying color and brightness for each of a plurality of image pixels, the display comprising a modulator having an active area comprising a plurality of modulator pixels and a light source operable to selectively illuminate the active area of the modulator with light of any one or more of a plurality of colors, the method comprising:
separately, for each of a plurality of parts of the active area of the modulator:
determining from the image data a selected color of the plurality of colors that is most important to the part by one or any combination of:
which color has the highest average brightness per pixel in the part;
which color has the highest average pixel values in the part as specified in the signal;
which color has the maximum brightness for any pixel in the part;
which color has the maximum pixel value for any pixel in the part;
colors having higher maximum pixel values are ranked higher than colors having lower maximum pixel values;
which color has the maximum variation in brightness or pixel value or some combination of brightness and pixel value over the part; and
which color exhibits the greatest degree of spatial clustering in the part;
based on the image data for the selected color determining first light source driving signals which, when applied to the light source, will cause the light source to illuminate the part with a spatially-varying luminance pattern of the selected color;
determining first pixel driving values for those of the modulator pixels in the part based at least on both the image data for the selected color and the first light source driving signals;
determining additional light source control signals for at least one of the plurality of colors other than the selected color based on the first pixel driving values and the image data for the one or more colors other than the selected color wherein, when applied to the light source, the additional light source control signals will cause the light source to illuminate the part with spatially-varying luminance patterns of each of the one or more colors other than the selected color; and
applying the first pixel driving values to drive the pixels of the modulator to selectively allow light from the part of the active area to pass to a viewing area and, while applying the first pixel driving values to drive the modulator pixels:
applying the first light source driving signals to cause the light source to illuminate the part of the active area of the modulator with the spatially varying luminance pattern of the selected color and applying the additional light source driving signals to cause the spatially varying luminance patterns of each of the one or more colors other than the selected color.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the first pixel driving values set the modulator pixels to modulate the spatially-varying luminance pattern of the selected color to accurately represent the selected color in the part and to approximately represent the one or more colors other than the selected color in the part.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein determining the selected color comprises identifying the one of the plurality of colors having the highest average brightness in the part.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein determining the selected color comprises identifying the one of the plurality of colors having the maximum pixel value in the part.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein determining the selected color comprises identifying the one of the plurality of colors having the maximum variation in brightness or pixel value in the part.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein determining the selected color comprises identifying the one of the plurality of colors having the maximum pixel value in the part.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein determining the selected color comprises identifying the one of the plurality of colors having the greatest degree of spatial clustering in the part.
8. A method according to claim 1 wherein determining the selected color comprises determining for each of the plurality of colors a weighted combination of two or more of:
a variation in brightness or pixel value in the part;
an average brightness in the part;
an average pixel value in the part;
a maximum pixel value in the part; and
a degree of spatial clustering in the part.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the image data comprises video data comprising a plurality of frames and the method is repeated for each of the frames of the video data.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein the modulator is a monochrome modulator.
11. A method according to claim 9 comprising, for a frame of the video data, applying correction factors to pixel values in the image data for one or more of the colors other than the selected color of a previous frame, the correction values selected to compensate for the light emitted in the previous frame by the pixels of the modulator for the for one or more of the colors other than the selected color being higher or lower than desired.
12. A method according to claim 11 comprising generating the correction values according to a non-linear correction scale.
13. A method according to claim 12 wherein the non-linear correction scale makes small corrections completely and reduces larger corrections.
14. A method according to claim 11 comprising determining the correction values by a lookup table that relates an amount that one of the one or more of the colors other than the selected color in a pixel is too dim in the previous frame to an amount of increase to apply to the pixel value for the pixel in the current frame.
15. A method according to claim 11 comprising cutting off the correction values at a predetermined level.
16. A method according to claim 1 wherein one or more of the plurality of colors comprises a blend of two or more primary colors of the display.
17. A method according to claim 16 wherein the plurality of colors comprises identifying a plurality of linear combinations of primary colors for each of the parts and using the linear combinations as the plurality of colors.
18. A method according to claim 1 comprising determining a first effective luminance pattern for the selected color, the first effective luminance pattern indicating the amount of light of the selected color in the spatially-varying luminance pattern produced when the light source is driven by the first light source driving signals and using the first effective luminance pattern to determine the first pixel driving values.
19. A program product comprising a physical medium recording non-transitory computer software instructions which, when executed by a computer processor, causes the computer processor to execute a method according to claim 1 .
20. A display for displaying images specified by image data for viewing, the display comprising:
a modulator having an active area comprising a plurality of modulator pixels;
a light source operable to selectively illuminate the active area of the modulator with light of any one or more of a plurality of colors; and
a controller configured to deliver modulator control signals to the modulator and light source control signals to the light source the processor connected to receive the image data, the image data specifying color and brightness for each of a plurality of image pixels, the processor configured to, separately, for each of a plurality of parts of the active area of the modulator:
determine from the image data a selected color of the plurality of colors that is most important to the part by one or any combination of:
which color has the highest average brightness per pixel in the part;
which color has the highest average pixel values in the part as specified in the signal;
which color has the maximum brightness for any pixel in the part;
which color has the maximum pixel value for any pixel in the part;
colors having higher maximum pixel values are ranked higher than colors having lower maximum pixel values;
which color has the maximum variation in brightness or pixel value or some combination of brightness and pixel value over the part; and
which color exhibits the greatest degree of spatial clustering in the part;
based on the image data for the selected color determine first light source driving signals which, when applied to the light source, will cause the light source to illuminate the part with a spatially-varying luminance pattern of the selected color;
determine first pixel driving values for those of the modulator pixels in the part based at least on both the image data for the selected color and the first light source driving signals;
determine additional light source control signals for at least one of the plurality of colors other than the selected color based on the first pixel driving values and the image data for the one or more colors other than the selected color wherein, when applied to the light source, the additional light source control signals will cause the light source to illuminate the part with spatially-varying luminance patterns of each of the one or more colors other than the selected color; and
apply the first pixel driving values to drive the pixels of the modulator to selectively allow light from the part of the active area to pass to a viewing area and, while applying the first pixel driving values to drive the modulator pixels:
applying the first light source driving signals to cause the light source to illuminate the part of the active area of the modulator with the spatially varying luminance pattern of the selected color and applying the additional light source driving signals to cause the spatially varying luminance patterns of each of the one or more colors other than the selected color.
21. A display according to claim 20 wherein the controller comprises a computer processor and a program memory accessible to the computer processor, the program memory carrying a set of computer-readable instructions which configure the processor to perform the recited steps.
22. A display according to claim 20 wherein the light source comprises a backlight.
23. A display according to claim 22 wherein the backlight comprises a plurality of light emitters of each of the plurality of colors.
24. A display according to claim 23 wherein the light emitters comprise light-emitting diodes.