Production of 1,5-pentanediol via upgrading of tetrahydrofufuryl alcohol
A method of making 1,5-pentanediol from tetrahydrofurfural alcohol. The method includes the steps of dehydrating tetrahydrofurfural alcohol (THFA) to dihydropyran (DHP); hydrating at least a portion of the DHP to 2-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran (2-HY-THP) in the absence of homogeneous acid; and hydrogenating at least a portion of the 2-HY-THP to 1,5-pentanediol. The method can be conducted entirely in the absence of noble metal catalysts.
1. A method of making 1,5-pentanediol, the method comprising:
(a) dehydrating tetrahydrofurfural alcohol (THFA) to dihydropyran (DHP);
(b) hydrating at least a portion of the DHP to 2-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran (2-HY-THP) in the absence of homogeneous acid; and
(c) hydrogenating at least a portion of the 2-HY-THP to 1,5-pentanediol.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises dehydrating the THFA by contacting it with a solid acid catalyst.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the solid acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of solid Br ønsted acid catalysts, solid Lewis acid catalysts, and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) occurs on neat THFA or on an aqueous solution of THFA and the THFA is present in the aqueous solution in a concentration of from about 5 wt % to about 99 wt %.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein step (a) occurs at a temperature of from about 200° C. to about 500° C. and a pressure of from about 1 atm to about 5 atm.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein step (a) occurs at a temperature of from about 275° C. to about 450° C.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) occurs in the presence of water and at a temperature of from about 20° C. to about 200° C.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the DHP is present with the water in a concentration of from about 5 wt % to about 80 wt %.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein step (b) occurs at a temperature of from about 20° C. to about 150° C.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (c), at least a portion of the 2-HY-THP is hydrogenated to 1,5-pentanediol by contacting the 2-HY-THP with a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Rh, Ru, Pd, Au, Ag, Jr, Re, Pt, and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein in step (c), at least a portion of the 2-HY-THP is hydrogenated to 1,5-pentanediol by contacting the 2-HY-THP with a catalyst selected from the group consisting of NiMo, NiRe, NiV, NiTi, Ni, Fe, Co, Rh, RhRe, RhMo, Pt and PtMo.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the catalyst is deposited on a support.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of carbon and metal oxides.
14. A method of making 1,5-pentanediol, the method comprising:
(a) dehydrating tetrahydrofurfural alcohol (THFA) to dihydropyran (DHP) by contacting the THFA with a solid acid catalyst at a temperature of from about 200° C. to about 500° C., and a pressure of from about 1 atm to about 5 atm;
(b) hydrating at least a portion of the DHP to 2-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran (2-HY-THP) in the absence of homogeneous acid at a temperature of from about 20° C. to about 200° C.; and
(c) hydrogenating at least a portion of the 2-HY-THP to 1,5-pentanediol by contacting the 2-HY-THP with a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Rh, Ru, Pd, Au, Ag, Jr, Re, Pt, and combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein in step (c), at least a portion of the 2-HY-THP is hydrogenated to 1,5-pentanediol by contacting the 2-HY-THP with a catalyst selected from the group consisting of NiMo, NiRe, NiV, NiTi, Ni, Fe, Co, Rh, RhRe, RhMo, Pt and PtMo.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the catalyst is deposited on a support.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of carbon and metal oxides.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein all of steps (a), (b), and (c) are performed in the absence of a noble metal.