Lubricant additives
Lubricant additives useful as friction reducing additives are disclosed herein that have a structure according to general formula I, where M is metal such as Ag, Au, Zn or Cu, and R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 , are each a hydrogen, or an alkyl, a substituted alkyl, or an aryl group.
1. A mixture comprising:
a lubricant additive having the structure of general formula I:
wherein:
M is a metal,
R 1 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or aryl,
R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or aryl, and,
R 3 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or aryl; and oil,
wherein the oil is PAO4 or 15W40 oil.
2. A mixture comprising:
a lubricant additive having the structure of general formula I:
wherein:
M is a metal,
R 1 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or aryl,
R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or aryl, and,
R 3 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or aryl; and oil,
wherein the oil has a viscosity of at least 16.8 mPa·s at 40° C.
3. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein M is Ag, Au, Zn or Cu; optionally, wherein M is Ag.
4. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein:
R 1 is alkyl,
R 2 is alkyl, and,
R 3 is alkyl.
5. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein:
each alkyl is independently selected from the group consisting of straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbons having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms.
6. The mixture of claim 5 , wherein each alkyl is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, noyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl.
7. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein:
each substituted alkyl is independently selected from the group consisting of straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbons having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or more substituents, the substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, alkoxyalkylaryl, alkylamino, arylamino, NH 2 , OH, CN, NO 2 , OCF 3 , CF 3 , Br, Cl, F, 1-amidino, 2-amidino, alkylcarbonyl, morpholino, piperidinyl, dioxanyl, pyranyl, heteroaryl, furanyl, thiophenyl, tetrazolo, thiazole, isothiazolo, imidazolo, thiadiazole, thiadiazole S-oxide, thiadiazole S,S-dioxide,pyrazolo, oxazole, isoxazole, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, quinoline, isoquinoline, SR 4 , SOR 4 , SO 2 R 4 , CO 2 R 4 , COR 4 , CONR 4 R 4 , CSNR 4 R 4 and SOnNR 4 R 4 , where n is zero, one or two, wherein R 4 is alkyl or substituted alkyl.
8. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein:
R 1 and R 2 are each independently any one of CH 3 , CF 3 , t-Bu or CH 2 CH 3 .
9. The mixture of claim 8 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same.
10. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are CH 3 .
11. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein:
R 3 is H or (CH 2 ) n CH 3 , wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20.
12. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein:
R 3 is (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 .
13. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant additive is not:
14. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant additive is not:
15. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein M is Ag, Au, Zn or Cu; optionally, wherein M is Ag.
16. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein:
R 1 is alkyl,
R 2 is alkyl, and,
R 3 is alkyl.
17. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein:
each alkyl is independently selected from the group consisting of straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbons having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms.
18. The mixture of claim 17 , wherein each alkyl is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, noyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl.
19. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein:
each substituted alkyl is independently selected from the group consisting of straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbons having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or more substituents, the substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, alkoxyalkylaryl, alkylamino, arylamino, NH 2 , OH, CN, NO 2 , OCF 3 , CF 3 , Br, Cl, F, 1-amidino, 2-amidino, alkylcarbonyl, morpholino, piperidinyl, dioxanyl, pyranyl, heteroaryl, furanyl, thiophenyl, tetrazolo, thiazole, isothiazolo, imidazolo, thiadiazole, thiadiazole S-oxide, thiadiazole S,S-dioxide,pyrazolo, oxazole, isoxazole, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, quinoline, isoquinoline, SR 4 , SOR 4 , SO 2 R 4 , CO 2 R 4 , COR 4 , CONR 4 R 4 , CSNR 4 R 4 and SOnNR 4 R 4 , where n is zero, one or two, wherein R 4 is alkyl or substituted alkyl.
20. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein:
R 1 and R 2 are each independently any one of CH 3 , CF 3 , t-Bu or CH 2 CH 3 .
21. The mixture of claim 20 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same.
22. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are CH 3 .
23. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein:
R 3 is H or (CH 2 ) n CH 3 , wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20.
24. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein:
R 3 is (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 .
25. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein the lubricant additive is not:
26. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein the lubricant additive is not:
27. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein the oil is PAO4 or 15W40 oil.