Methods for eradicating biofilms from plumbing systems
Disclosed are advantageous systems and methods for treating building water systems, especially the interior surfaces of premise plumbing, to remove biofilm and inactivate biofilm-associated pathogens, including protozoa, using disinfectant formulations at concentrations at in excess of those used for drinking water treatment, and further, in co-applying complexing agents to mitigate corrosion of the materials treated; and using these in conjunction with off-gas containment devices that allow flushing of taps without the liberation of toxic fumes.
1. A method for eradicating biofilm from a premise plumbing system, the method comprising contacting the biofilm on interior surfaces of the premise plumbing system with a treatment solution comprising a mixture of chlorine and chlorine dioxide in a ratio by weight of from 80:20 to 20:80, each component of the mixture having a concentration of at least 1.5 mg/L, wherein the treatment solution has a temperature of between 20 to 55° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment solution comprises a mixture of chlorine and chlorine dioxide in a ratio by weight of 50:50.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of each of chlorine and chlorine dioxide is at least 3.0 mg/L, at least 6.25 mg/L, at least 12.5 mg/L, or at least 50 mg/L.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment solution has a pH of about 6.5 to about 9.0.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment solution has a pH of between 7.2 and 9.0.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment solution has a pH of about 7.5.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment solution has a pH of >7.2.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment solution has a pH of >7.5.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the premise plumbing system has a free residual concentration of 0.8 mg/L or less chlorine dioxide and 0.4 mg/L or less chlorine.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the interior surfaces of the premise plumbing system comprise a material selected from the list consisting of copper, brass, iron, galvanized steel, stainless steel, PVC, HDPE, and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofilm comprises a microorganism selected from the group consisting of Acinetobacter, Elizabethkingia ( Flavobacterium ), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Legionella , non-tubercular Mycobacteria (NTM), Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas , protozoa, and combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment solution further comprises a complexing agent.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the complexing agent comprises sodium silicate.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the said contacting is carried out under turbulent flow conditions.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the turbulent flow conditions-is have a Reynolds value of at least 4,000.