Energy absorbing beam and sandwich panel structure
An apparatus includes first, second, and third layers. The first layer includes a plurality of flanges. The second layer includes a deformable membrane. The second layer is connected to the first layer along a first major surface of the deformable membrane. The third layer is connected to the second layer along a second major surface of the deformable membrane opposite the first major surface. The third layer includes a first series of internal structures.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a first layer including a plurality of flanges, wherein each of the plurality of flanges further comprises a first face and a second face on an opposite side of the flange as the first face, wherein the first face of each of the plurality of flanges includes a first nesting feature and the second face of each of the plurality of flanges includes a second nesting feature;
a second layer including a deformable membrane, wherein the second layer is connected to the first layer along a first major surface of the deformable membrane; and
a third layer connected to the second layer along a second major surface of the deformable membrane opposite the first major surface, wherein the third layer comprises a first series of internal structures.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of flanges further comprises a second series of internal structures.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a foam disposed in at least one of the first set of internal structures and the second set of internal structures, wherein the foam comprises an expanding foam.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein a material of the foam comprises ballistic fibers.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the first face and the second face form either an acute angle or an obtuse angle with a plane of the deformable membrane in an un-deformed state.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a shape of the first nesting feature corresponds to a shape of the second nesting feature, wherein the first nesting feature and second nesting feature are separated by a space when the deformable membrane is in the un-deformed state.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the first nesting feature includes a series of grooves and the second nesting feature includes a series of tongues shaped so as to engage with the series of grooves of the first nesting feature.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the first series of internal structures includes structure elements that form a triangle with and are connected to the second major surface of the deformable membrane.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein each of the first series of internal structures includes a plurality of surfaces opposite the deformable membrane.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein each of the first series of internal structures includes an exterior surface that is on an opposite side of the third layer from the deformable membrane.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein each of the exterior surfaces of each of the first series of internal structures includes an apex located at a midpoint of the exterior surface and at a distance A D from a plane of intersection points of the first series of internal structures, wherein the intersection points include points of intersection between individual structure elements and the exterior surface, and further wherein the distance A D has an absolute value of greater than zero.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the first layer, second layer, and third layer comprise a metallic material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, nickel, steel, and alloys thereof.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
an additional layer, wherein a material of the additional layer is selected from the group consisting of ceramics, ceramic matrix composites, aramids, aromatic polyamides, and para-aramid synthetic fibers.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a first webbing attached to the first layer on a side of the first layer that is on an opposite side of the first layer from the second layer; and
a second webbing attached to the third layer on a side of the third layer that is on an opposite side of the third layer from the second layer.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the first webbing includes a first set of anti-nodes attached to the first layer, and further wherein the second webbing includes a second set of anti-nodes attached to the third layer.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a frame, wherein the first layer, second layer, and third layer are disposed within the frame, and further wherein the frame surrounds longitudinal edges of the first, second, and third layers.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the third layer further comprises an external surface that occupies a generally sinusoidal shape when the deformable layer is in an un-deformed state.