Fusion proteins, cells, and kits for characterizing Botulinum toxin
Compositions for characterization of Botulinum toxin (BoNT) are described that include a genetically modified cell that is transfected with an artificial construct comprising a nucleic acid sequence that encodes for a hybrid protein having (a) a reporter-containing portion chemically coupled to (b) a cleavage site and (c) a control fluorophore. The cleavage site interacts with a BoNT in a manner that cleaves the reporter-containing portion from remainder of the construct. The cleaved portion is destroyed or otherwise degraded by the local environment, and presence of BoNT is evidenced by reduction in signal from the reporter. The cleavage sequence is all or part of a SNARE protein, the cleavable reporter-containing portion is preferably Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP), Citrine, Venus, or a YPet protein and the control fluorophore is preferably CFP, mStrawberry, or a mCherry protein.
1. An artificial construct comprising:
a nucleic acid sequence encoding a hybrid protein comprising (a) a reporter-containing portion comprising a first fluorophore, wherein the reporter-containing portion is coupled to (b) a cleavage site that interacts with a botulinum toxin in a manner that cleaves the reporter-containing portion from a remainder of the hybrid protein, wherein the cleavage site comprises at least a portion of a motif selected from the group consisting of SNAP-25, synaptobrevin, and syntaxin, and (c) a second portion comprising a control fluorophore, wherein the cleavage site is interposed between the reporter containing portion and the second portion, wherein the reporter-containing portion and the second portion are positioned in the hybrid protein such that FRET emission from the first fluorophore does not show a decreasing trend relative to increasing concentration of the botulinum toxin.
2. The artificial construct of claim 1 , wherein the reporter-containing portion comprises at least one fluorophore selected from the group consisting of Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP), Citrine, Venus, and a YPet protein.
3. The artificial construct of claim 1 , wherein the control fluorophore comprises at least one fluorophore selected from a group consisting of CFP, mStrawberry, and mCherry.
4. A hybrid protein, comprising:
(a) a reporter-containing portion comprising a first fluorophore, wherein the reporter-containing portion is coupled to (b) a cleavage site that interacts with a botulinum toxin in a manner that cleaves the reporter-containing portion from a remainder of the hybrid protein, wherein the cleavage site comprises at least a portion of a motif selected from the group consisting of SNAP-25, synaptobrevin, and syntaxin, and (c) a second portion comprising a control fluorophore, wherein the cleavage site is interposed between the reporter containing portion and the second portion, wherein the reporter-containing portion and the second portion are positioned in the hybrid protein such that FRET emission from the first fluorophore does not show a decreasing trend relative to increasing concentration of the botulinum toxin, and wherein the second portion is selected and positioned within the hybrid protein in a manner such that, an increased concentration of botulinum toxin does not lead to a coincidental increase in fluorescent emission of the control fluorophore.
5. The hybrid protein of claim 4 , wherein the reporter-containing portion comprises at least one fluorophore selected from the group consisting of Yellow-Fluorescent Protein (YFP), Citrine, Venus, and a YPet protein.
6. The hybrid protein of claim 4 , wherein the control fluorophore comprises at least one fluorophore selected from a group consisting of CFP, mStrawberry, and mCherry.
7. A modified cell, comprising:
a hybrid protein, the hybrid protein comprising (a) a reporter-containing portion comprising a first fluorophore, wherein the reporter-containing portion is coupled to (b) a cleavage site that interacts with a botulinum toxin in a manner that cleaves the reporter-containing portion from a remainder of the hybrid protein, wherein the cleavage site comprises at least a portion of a motif selected from the group consisting of SNAP-25, synaptobrevin, and syntaxin, and (c) a second portion comprising a control fluorophore, wherein the cleavage site is interposed between the reporter containing portion and the second portion, wherein the reporter-containing portion and the second portion are positioned in the hybrid protein such that FRET emission from the first fluorophore does not show a decreasing trend relative to increasing concentration of the botulinum toxin, and wherein the second portion is selected and positioned within the hybrid protein in a manner such that, an increased concentration of botulinum toxin does not lead to a coincidental increase in fluorescent emission of the control fluorophore.
8. The modified cell of claim 7 , wherein the cell is derived from a cell line selected from the group consisting of a neuronal cell, a neuroendocrine tumor cell, a hybrid cell, and a stem cell.
9. The modified cell of claim 7 , wherein the reporter-containing portion comprises at least one fluorophore selected from the group consisting of Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP), Citrine, Venus, and a YPet protein.
10. The modified cell of claim 7 , wherein the control fluorophore comprises at least one fluorophore selected from a group consisting of CFP, mStrawberry, and mCherry.
11. A kit comprising:
a modified cell, the modified cell comprising a a hybrid protein, the hybrid protein comprising (a) a reporter-containing portion comprising a first fluorophore, wherein the reporter-containing portion is coupled to (b) a cleavage site that interacts with a botulinum toxin in a manner that cleaves the reporter-containing portion from a remainder of the hybrid protein, wherein the cleavage site comprises at least a portion of a motif selected from the group consisting of SNAP-25, synaptobrevin, and syntaxin, and (c) a second portion comprising a control fluorophore, wherein the cleavage site is interposed between the reporter containing portion and the second portion, wherein the reporter-containing portion and the second portion are positioned in the hybrid protein such that FRET emission from the first fluorophore does not show a decreasing trend relative to increasing concentration of the botulinum toxin, and wherein the second portion is selected and positioned within the hybrid protein in a manner such that, an increased concentration of botulinum toxin does not lead to a coincidental increase in fluorescent emission of the control fluorophore.
12. The kit of claim 11 , wherein the modified cell is derived from a cell line selected from the group consisting of a neuronal cell, a neuroendocrine tumor cell, a hybrid cell, and a stem cell.
13. The kit of claim 11 , further comprising a cell culture medium.