Method for electrowinning titanium from titanium-containing soluble anode molten salt
The present invention provides a method for electrowinning a titanium metal from a titanium-containing soluble anode molten salt, and relate to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy. The method comprises: mixing a titanium-containing material and a carbon-containing reducing agent at a mol ratio of 5:1-1:20 as a raw material, press-molding after uniformly mixing, holding a temperature range of 1000° C.-2000° C. under a nitrogen-containing atmosphere, reacting for 30-600 min; preparing a titanium-containing compound with a good electrical conductivity; and then electrowinning a titanium metal in a halide molten salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal by using such a titanium-containing compound as an anode. The method for electrowinning a titanium metal from a titanium-containing soluble anode molten salt, provided by the present invention, is a simple in process and low in energy consumption, and can realize industrialized preparation of a high-purity titanium metal.
1. A method for electrowinning titanium from a titanium soluble anode molten salt, comprising:
mixing a titanium-containing material and a carbon-containing reducing agent at a molar ratio of 5:1-1:20 to form a raw material;
press-molding the raw material;
heating the press-molded raw material at a temperature ranging from 1000° C. to 2000° C. in an ammonia-containing atmosphere for 30-600 min to obtain an anode material, wherein said titanium-containing material comprises one or more compound chosen from rutile type titanium white, anatase type titanium white, metatitanic acid, ilmenite, vanadium titano-magnetite, blast furnace type high-titanium slag, high-titanium slag, or low valence oxides of titanium, and said carbon-containing reducing agent comprises one or more compound chosen from carbon, activated carbon, graphite powder, charcoal, petroleum coke, asphalt, or coal coke particulate, and said anode material is TiC x O y N z or TiO x N y , wherein, in said TiC x O y N z , 0<X≤Y<1, 0<Z<1, and X+Y+Z=1; in said TiO x N y , 0<X≤Y and X+Y=1;
preparing an anode electrode using said anode material; and
electrowinning titanium in an electrolysis cell comprising the anode, a halide molten salt electrolyte comprising an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or both, and a cathode, wherein titanium is obtained at the cathode.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ammonia-containing atmosphere is ammonia or a mixture comprising ammonia and one compound chosen from nitrogen, argon, or hydrogen.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the ammonia-containing atmosphere is ammonia.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said low valence oxide of titanium is chosen from Ti 2 O 3 , Ti 3 O 5 , TiO, or Ti 3 O.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anode material is prepared under a positive pressure in the ammonia-containing atmosphere.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anode material is prepared under a normal pressure or a negative pressure in the ammonia-containing atmosphere.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said halide molten salt electrolyte comprises one or more metal halides chosen from CsCl 2 , CaCl 2 , LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2 , AlCl 3 , CaF, NaF, KF, or LiF; and
one or more titanium-containing salt chosen from TiCl 3 , TiCl 2 , K 2 TiF 6 , or Na 2 TiF 6 , wherein a mass percent concentration of Ti ions in said molten salt electrolyte system is 1%-10%.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of said titanium-containing material to said carbon-containing reducing agent is 5:1-1:10.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an electrolysis temperature ranges from 400° C. to 900° C.
10. The method for according to claim 1 , wherein a space between said cathode and said anode in the electrolysis cell is between 3 cm and 40 cm, and the electrolysis cell has a cell voltage ranging from 1.5 V to 6.0 V, an anode current density ranging from 0.05 A/cm 2 to 1.00 A/cm 2 , and a cathode current density ranging from 0.05 N cm 2 to 1.00 A/cm 2 .
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said halide molten salt electrolyte is placed in a stainless steel crucible, a carbon steel crucible, a titanium crucible, a titanium alloy crucible, a graphite crucible, a molybdenum crucible, or a nickel crucible.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said cathode is made from titanium, stainless steel, carbon steel, molybdenum, or nickel.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a space between said cathode and said anode in the electrolysis cell is between 1 cm and 50 cm.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolysis cell has a cell voltage of ranging from 0.5 V to 10.0 V, an anode current density ranging from 0.05 A/cm 2 to 1.50 A/cm 2 , a cathode current density ranging from 0.05 N cm 2 to 1.50 A/cm 2 , and an electrolysis temperature ranges from 300° C. to 1000° C.