Fiber composite material, use therefor, and method for the production thereof
The invention relates to a fibre composite ( 42 ) comprising at least one fibre layer ( 4, 14, 16 ) composed of a fibre material which is embedded in a matrix ( 8, 18 ) based on a thermoplastic, where the composition of the matrix ( 8, 18 ) contains: 60-95 parts by weight of aromatic polycarbonate and/or aromatic polyester carbonate and further additives. The invention further relates to the use of such a fibre composite for a component for a rail vehicle, in particular for a rail vehicle for transporting passengers. The invention further relates to a process for producing a fibre composite, in which a layer structure ( 36 ) of superposed layers is formed from at least one fibre layer ( 4, 14, 16 ) composed of a fibre material and from polymer layers which are composed of at least one polymer film ( 30 ) and are arranged on both sides of the fibre layer ( 4, 14, 16 ) and in which the layer structure ( 36 ) is pressed under applied pressure and the action of heat to form a fibre composite ( 42 ), where the polymer film ( 30 ) has a composition corresponding to the matrix of the abovementioned fibre composite.
1. A fibre composite, comprising at least one fibre layer of a fibre material which is embedded in a matrix based on a thermoplastic, where the composition of the matrix consists of:
A) 60-95 parts by weight of aromatic polycarbonate and/or aromatic polyester carbonate,
B) from 0 to 15 parts by weight of rubber-modified graft polymer,
C) one of the components C.1, or C.2 having the composition and amount indicated in each case below:
C.1) 1.0-14.5 parts by weight of a cyclic phosphazene selected from the group consisting of propoxyphosphazene, phenoxyphosphazene, methylphenoxyphosphazene, aminophosphazene and fluoroalkylphosphazenes and phosphazenes having the following structures
k is 1 or an integer from 1 to 10,
where the proportion of trimer (k=1) is from 50 to 98 mol % based on the component C.1,
C.2) from 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a salt of phosphinic acid,
D) from 0 to 30 parts by weight of talc having an average particle size d 50 of from 0.1 to 20 μm,
E) from 0.05 to 5.00 parts by weight of antidripping agent,
where all parts by weight indicated are normalized so that the sum of the parts by weight of all components A+B+C+D+E in the composition is 100.
2. The fibre composite according to claim 1 , wherein the composition of the matrix additionally contains:
F) 0 15.0 parts by weight of vinyl (co)polymer or polyalkylene terephthalate,
G) 0 15.0 parts by weight of additives,
where all parts by weight indicated are normalized so that the sum of the parts by weight of all components A+B+C+D+E+F+G in the composition is 100.
3. The fibre composite according to claim 1 , wherein the composition of the matrix contains:
C.3) from 7.0 to 16.0 parts by weight of an oligomeric phosphate.
4. The fibre composite according to claim 1 , wherein graft polymers B comprise graft polymers composed of:
B.1) from 5 to 95 parts by weight, of a mixture of
B.1.1) from 50 to 95 parts by weight of styrene, α-methylstyrene, methyl-ring-substituted styrene, C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl methacrylate, in particular methyl methacrylate, C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl acrylate, or mixtures of these compounds and
B.1.2) from 5 to 50 parts by weight of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl methacrylates, C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl acrylate, or mixtures of these compounds on
B.2) from 5 to 95 parts by weight, of a rubber-containing graft base selected from among butadiene rubbers, acrylate rubbers and silicone-acrylate rubbers.
5. The fibre composite according to claim 1 , wherein the fibre layer is configured as unidirectional fibre layer, as woven layer or laid web, as knitted fabric, crocheted fabric or braid, or as long fibres in the form of tangled fibre mats or nonwovens or as a combination thereof.
6. The fibre composite according to claim 1 , wherein the fibre material comprises fibres of one or more of the following types of fibre: glass fibres, carbon fibres, basalt fibres, aramid fibres, liquid crystal polymer fibres, polyphenylene sulphide fibres, polyether ketone fibres, polyether ether ketone fibres, polyetherimide fibres.
7. The fibre composite according to claim 1 , wherein the volume content of the fibre material based on the total volume of the fibre composite is in the range from 30 to 60% by volume.
8. The fibre composite according to claim 1 , wherein the fibre composite is in the form of a fibre composite sheet.
9. The fibre composite according to claim 8 , wherein the fibre composite sheet has a thickness in the range from 0.5 to 3 mm.
10. The fibre composite according to claim 1 , wherein the fibre composite or the fibre composite sheet has the following properties:
Ds(4) in accordance with ISO 5659-2: <300,
VOF 4 in accordance with ISO 5659-2: <600 and
Ds(max) in accordance with ISO 5659-2: <600.
11. An article comprising the fibre composite according to claim 1 , wherein the article is a component for a rail vehicle.
12. A process for producing a fibre composite according to claim 1 , comprising
forming a layer structure made up of superposed layers from at least one fibre layer of a fibre material and from polymer layers composed of at least one polymer film arranged on both sides of the fibre layer and
pressing the layer structure under applied pressure and the action of heat to form a fibre composite,
wherein the polymer film has a composition corresponding to the matrix of the fibre composite.
13. The fibre composite according to claim 1 , wherein the composition of the matrix contains C.1, and wherein C.1 is phenoxyphosphazene having a proportion of oligomers having k=1 of from 50 to 98 mol %.
14. The fibre composite according to claim 1 , wherein C.1 is