Sterically hindered aliphatic polyamine cross-linking agents, compositions containing them and uses thereof
The present disclosure relates, in part, to an epoxy resin composition comprising: an epoxy resin; and an aliphatic polyamine (e.g., as a cross-linking agent), wherein the aliphatic polyamine comprises a compound having the structure of Formula (1): wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aromatic group; or R1 and R2 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring; each of R3 and R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aromatic group.
1. An epoxy resin composition comprising:
an epoxy resin; and
an aliphatic polyamine, wherein the aliphatic polyamine comprises a compound having the structure of Formula (1):
wherein:
each of R 1 and R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aromatic group; or
R 1 and R 2 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring;
each of R 3 and R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aromatic group; or
R 3 and R 4 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring;
each R a and R b is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aromatic group; and
each m and n is independently an integer ranging from 0 to 20; and
wherein the epoxy resin composition has working time of at least 5 hours.
2. The epoxy resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic polyamine is a sterically hindered aliphatic polyamine.
3. The epoxy resin composition of claim 2 , wherein the sterically hindered aliphatic polyamine is of Formula (1-1):
wherein each of R 1 and R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aromatic group; or
R 1 and R 2 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring.
4. The epoxy resin composition of claim 3 , wherein each of R 1 and R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aromatic group.
5. The epoxy resin composition of claim 3 , wherein R 1 and R 2 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring.
6. The epoxy resin composition of claim 3 , wherein the aliphatic polyamine is selected from the group consisting of:
7. The epoxy resin composition of claim 6 , wherein the aliphatic polyamine is:
8. The epoxy resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy resin comprises an average of at least two epoxide groups per molecule, i.e. at least two epoxide groups per monomer of the epoxy resin.
9. The epoxy resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy resin comprises a diepoxide resin selected from a group consisting of glycidyl ether epoxy resin, glycidyl ester epoxy resin, glycidyl amine epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, aliphatic epoxy resin, phenolic epoxy resin and combinations thereof.
10. The epoxy resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy resin comprises bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, or oligomers thereof.
11. The epoxy resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy resin comprises a mixture of a diglycidyl ether of a bisphenol having an EEW in the range of 150-195 and a diglycidyl ether of a bisphenol having an EEW in the range of 400 to 1500.
12. The epoxy resin composition of claim 1 , further including an auxiliary material selected from the group consisting of accelerator, diluents, toughening agent, thickening agent, adhesion promoter, optical brightener, pigment, adducting component, coupling agent, filler, decorative component, thixotropic agent, fluorophore, UV-absorber, anti-oxidant, gloss additive, and combinations thereof.
13. The epoxy resin composition of claim 1 , comprising an additional amino molecule.
14. The epoxy resin composition of claim 13 , wherein the amino molecule comprises >2 N—H hydrogens.
15. The epoxy resin composition of claim 1 , further including an amino molecule containing ≦2 N—H hydrogens.
16. The epoxy resin composition of claim 15 , wherein the amino molecule containing ≦2 N—H hydrogens is selected from the group consisting of a primary monoamine compound and a bis-secondary diamine compound.
17. The epoxy resin composition of claim 15 , wherein the amino molecule containing ≦2 N—H hydrogens is selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, 3-aminopropanol, 2-aminopropanol, aminobenzylamine, aniline, p-anisidine, butylamine, piperazine, and N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine, tert-butylamine, sec-butylamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and combinations thereof.
18. The epoxy resin composition of claim 17 , wherein the amino molecule containing ≦2 N—H hydrogens is monoethanolamine.
19. The epoxy resin composition of claim 17 , wherein the amino molecule containing ≦2 N—H hydrogens is 3-aminopropanol.
20. The epoxy resin composition of claim 17 , wherein the amino molecule containing ≦2 N—H hydrogens is 2-aminopropanol.
21. The epoxy resin composition of claim 17 , wherein the amino molecule containing ≦2 N—H hydrogens is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
22. The epoxy resin composition of claim 16 , wherein the amino molecule containing ≦2 N—H hydrogens is in an amount selected from the group consisting of less than about 1 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 2 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 5 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 10 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 20 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 30 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 40 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 50 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 60 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 70 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 80 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 90 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 95 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. %, less than about 98 wt. % but greater than 0 wt. % of the composition.
23. A method of altering the working time of a curable epoxy resin composition to compensate for ambient temperatures comprising:
forming a stable resin blend including a cross-linkable epoxy resin; selecting a cross-linking agent for the epoxy resin from the group consisting of a polyamine cross-linking agent comprising a compound having Formula (1):
wherein:
each of R 1 and R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aromatic group; or R 1 and R 2 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl group;
each of R 3 and R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aromatic group; or
R 3 and R 4 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring;
each R a and R b is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and aromatic group; and
each m and n is independently an integer ranging from 0 to 20; and
wherein the selection is made such that a mixture of the cross-linking agent and the epoxy resin has a long working time at or near ambient temperatures.