Thermocycler
The present invention provides a thermocycler comprising: a rotatable platform having a plurality of reaction wells or being adapted to receive a plurality of reaction containers, wherein the rotatable platform and/or the reaction wells are formed, at least in part, of a material which is adapted to be inductively heated by exposure to electromagnetic energy. An electromagnetic energy source is provided and is configured to direct electromagnetic energy at the rotatable platform, wherein the electromagnetic energy source surrounds a sufficient amount of the rotatable platform in order to heat the entire platform substantially simultaneously. In preferred embodiments, the electromagnetic energy source completely surrounds the rotatable platform. The invention further comprises a method of cycling a reaction mixture between predetermined temperatures utilising the novel thermocycler apparatus of the invention. The invention also comprises use of the novel thermocycler apparatus of the invention for conducting a nucleic acid amplification reaction such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the ligase chain reaction (LCR).
1. A thermocycler comprising:
a rotatable platform having a peripherally continuous conductor in the form of a ring and a plurality of reaction wells in electrical communication via the conductor, wherein the rotatable platform is adapted to be inductively heated by exposure to electromagnetic energy; and
an inductor for directing electromagnetic energy at the rotatable platform,
wherein the inductor is in the shape of a ring and completely surrounds the rotatable platform to thereby induce a current around the conductor in order to heat the entire platform substantially simultaneously.
2. The thermocycler according to claim 1 wherein the reaction wells are adapted to receive a corresponding plurality of reaction containers.
3. The thermocycler according to claim 2 wherein each reaction container is formed from a material which is adapted to be inductively heated by exposure to electromagnetic energy.
4. The thermocycler according to claim 3 wherein one or more of the reaction container is formed from a plastics material comprising ferromagnetic particles such that the container is inductively heatable.
5. The thermocycler according to claim 1 wherein the rotatable platform is circular and the plurality of reaction wells are distributed about the periphery of the platform.
6. The thermocycler according to claim 1 wherein the reaction wells are configured as an annular array of sleeves adapted to hold reaction containers.
7. The thermocycler according to claim 6 wherein the sleeves are angled at about 80 degrees from the horizontal and have an open aperture in the base of the sleeve to optically monitor a reaction occurring in the reaction container held within the sleeve.
8. The thermocycler according to claim 1 wherein the rotatable platform is formed from a material selected from: steel, carbon, tin, tungsten, aluminium, copper, gold, brass, cobalt-iron, permalloy, electrical steel, ferritic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, ferrite (nickel zinc), carbon steel, nickel and combinations thereof.
9. The thermocycler according to claim 1 wherein the platform and/or the reaction wells comprise a material having a sufficient thermal conductivity such that the temperature across the platform is substantially uniform during heating or cooling of the platform.
10. The thermocycler according to claim 1 wherein the electromagnetic energy is electromagnetic radiation delivered at a frequency of between 5 to 100kHz.
11. The thermocycler according to claim 1 wherein the inductor is configured to deliver continuous energy during a heating phase, or pulses of energy which may be the same duration or different durations.
12. The thermocycler according to claim 1 wherein the inductor is the primary winding in a transformer and the rotatable platform is the secondary winding, which is a single short circuited turn.
13. The thermocycler according to claim 1 wherein the thermocycler is configured such that the temperature differential across the platform is below 1% when the platform is at temperature, and/or
wherein the temperature difference between any 2 portions of the platform, or within reagents held within the reaction wells or reaction containers is less than 1° C. when the platform is at temperature, and/or
wherein the platform is inductively heatable at a rate of more than 15° C./second.
14. The thermocycler according to claim 1 further comprising a thermocouple or thermistor in thermal contact with the rotatable platform in order to directly measure the temperature of the rotatable platform and/or the reaction wells, and/or
further comprising a drive system adapted to rotate the rotatable platform about an axis of rotation, and a control unit to rotate the rotatable platform at a predetermined controllable user-selectable rotational speed, and/or
further comprising an optical detection unit to detect an optical signal from the reaction occurring in a reaction well/container, and thereby monitor progress of reactions in the reaction well/container,
wherein the material of construction of a reaction container is chosen to be optically transparent at the wavelength(s) of light at which the optical detection apparatus operates.
15. The thermocycler according to claim 1 further comprising a cooling unit adapted to cool the platform with a cooling fluid.
16. The thermocycler according to claim 1 further comprising a point heating source selected from a laser emitting visible or IR light, or a microwave source.
17. The thermocycler according to claim 1 further comprising monitoring means to assess progress of a reaction occurring in the reaction wells or a reaction container, wherein the monitoring means is a fluorescence detector, spectrophotometer, or photometer.