Materials for electronic devices

1. A compound of formula (1)

where

Z is the same or different at each instance, and is CR 1 or N;

R 1 is the same or different at each instance, and is H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , N(Ar 1 ) 2 , N(R 3 ) 2 , C(═O)Ar 1 , C(═O)R 3 , P(═O)(Ar 1 ) 2 , P(═O)(R 3 ) 2 , B(OR 3 ) 2 , CHO, Si(R 3 ) 2 , OSO 2 R 3 , S(═O)R 3 , S(═O) 2 R 3 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, where the alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group are optionally substituted in each case with one or more R 3 radicals, and where one or more adjacent or nonadjacent —CH 2 — groups may be replaced by R 3 C═CR 3 , C≡C, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 3 , C(═O)NR 3 , P(═O)(R 3 ), C(═O)O, Si(R 3 ) 2 , NR 3 , O, S, SO or SO 2 and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO 2 , or an aromatic ring system which has 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and is optionally substituted in each case by one or more R 3 , or a heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and which is optionally substituted in each case by one or more R 3 , where two or more R 1 radicals may be joined to one another and may form a ring;

Ar 1 is the same or different at each instance and is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, and which is optionally substituted by one or more R 3 radicals; at the same time, two Ar 1 radicals bonded to the same nitrogen atom or phosphorus atom may also be bridged to one another by a single bond or a bridge selected from N(R 4 ), C(R 4 ) 2 , O and S;

R 2 is the same or different at each instance, and is H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , N(Ar 1 ) 2 , N(R 3 ) 2 , C(═O)Ar 1 , C(═O)R 3 , P(═O)(Ar 1 ) 2 , P(═O)(R 3 ) 2 , B(OR 3 ) 2 , CHO, Si(R 3 ) 2 , OSO 2 R 3 , S(═O)R 3 , S(═O) 2 R 3 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, where the alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group may be substituted in each case by one or more R 3 radicals and where one or more adjacent or nonadjacent CH 2 groups may be replaced by —R 3 C═CR 3 —, —C≡C—, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 3 , —C(═O)—NR 3 —, P(═O)(R 3 ), —C(═O)—O—, Si(R 3 ) 2 , NR 3 , —O—, —S—, SO or SO 2 and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO 2 , or an aromatic ring system which has 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R 3 radical(s), or a heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R 3 radical(s);

R 3 is the same or different at each instance, and is H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , N(R 4 ) 2 , C(═O)Ar 1 , C(═O)R 4 , P(═O)(Ar 1 ) 2 , B(OR 4 ) 2 , CHO, Si(R 4 ) 2 , OSO 2 R 4 , S(═O)R 4 , S(═O) 2 R 4 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, where the alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group is optionally substituted in each case by one or more R 4 radicals and where one or more adjacent or nonadjacent —CH 2 — groups may be replaced by R 4 C═CR 4 , C═C, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 4 , C(═O)NR 4 , P(═O)(R 4 ), C(═O)O, Si(R 4 ) 2 , NR 4 , O, S, SO or SO 2 and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO 2 , or an aromatic ring system which has 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and which is optionally substituted in each case by one or more R 4 radical(s), or a heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and which is optionally substituted in each case by one or more R 4 radical(s), where two or more R 4 radicals may be joined to one another and may form a ring;

R 4 is the same or different at each instance, and is H, D, F, CN or an aliphatic radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aromatic ring system having 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, where one or more hydrogen atoms in the aliphatic radical, the aromatic ring system or the heteroaromatic ring system may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, where two or more R 4 radicals may be joined to one another and may form a ring;

where R 2 and/or at least one R 1 of the formula (1) comprises at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; and

if at least one R 1 comprises at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, the total number of aromatic ring atoms in all R 1 and R 2 is at least 12; and

if R 1 does not comprise an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, R 2 comprises at least 24 aromatic ring atoms and no further indeno[1,2,3-jk]fluorene skeleton.

2. The compound of claim 1 , where R 1 at least one of positions 5 and 10 in the indeno[1,2,3-jk]fluorene skeleton is the same or different at each instance and is H, D, F, CN, NO 2 , N(Ar 1 ) 2 , N(R 3 ) 2 , C(═O)Ar 1 , P(═O)(Ar 1 ) 2 , P(═O)(R 3 ) 2 , Si(R 3 ) 2 , OSO 2 R 3 , S(═O)R 3 , S(═O) 2 R 3 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, where the alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group is optionally substituted in each case by one or more R 3 radicals and where one or more adjacent or nonadjacent —CH 2 — groups may be replaced by R 3 C═CR 3 , C═C, C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 3 , C(═O)NR 3 , P(═O)(R 3 ), C(═O)O, Si(R 3 ) 2 , NR 3 , O, S, SO or SO 2 and where one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO 2 , or an aromatic ring system which has 6 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted in each case by one or more R 3 , or a heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and is optionally substituted in each case by one or more R 3 , where two or more R 1 radicals may be joined to one another and may form a ring.

3. The compound of claim 2 , where R 1 at positions 5 and 10 of the indeno[1,2,3-jk]fluorene skeleton, if present in each case, does not contain any radicals selected from the group comprising Cl, Br, I, B(OR 3 ) 2 and CHO.

4. The compound of claim 1 , where at least one R 1 is not H.

5. The compound of claim 1 , where at least one R 1 comprises an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system.

6. The compound of claim 1 , where R 2 is a heteroaromatic ring system, and comprises a triarylamine group or triheteroarylamine group or a carbazole structure bonded directly to the indeno[1,2,3-jk]fluorene skeleton, the nitrogen atom is arranged in the meta or ortho position in relation to the indeno[1,2,3-jk]fluorene skeleton.

7. A process for preparing the compound of claim 1 , where the base skeleton of the formula (1) is constructed by one or more coupling reactions.

8. An oligomer, polymer or dendrimer containing one or more compounds of claim 1 , characterized in that the bonds to the oligomer, polymer or dendrimer may be localized at any desired positions substituted by R 1 and/or R 2 in formula (1).

9. A formulation comprising at least one compound of claim 1 and at least one solvent.

10. A formulation comprising at least one polymer, oligomer or dendrimer of claim 8 and at least one solvent.

11. An electronic device comprising at least one compound of claim 1 .

12. An electronic device comprising at least one polymer, oligomer or dendrimer as claimed in claim 8 .

13. The electronic device of claim 11 , selected from the group consisting of organic integrated circuits (O-ICs), organic field-effect transistors (O-FETs), organic thin-film transistors (O-TFTs), organic light-emitting transistors (O-LETs), organic solar cells (O-SCs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors, organic field-quench devices (O-FQDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), organic laser diodes (O-lasers) and organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs).

14. An organic electroluminescent device (OLED) comprising at least one compound of claim 1 , which is present in the device as

a hole transport material in a hole transport or hole injection layer,

a hole injection material,

a hole blocker material,

an emitter for fluorescent emission layers,

a matrix material in an emitting layer,

an electron blocker material, or

a material for an interlayer.

15. An organic electroluminescent device (OLED) comprising at least one polymer, oligomer or dendrimer of claim 8 , which is present in the device as

a hole transport material in a hole transport or hole injection layer,

a hole injection material,

a hole blocker material,

an emitter for fluorescent emission layers,

a matrix material in an emitting layer,

an electron blocker material, or

a material for an interlayer.