Methods and compositions for modifying a single stranded target nucleic acid
The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for binding and/or cleaving a single stranded target nucleic acid. Subject compositions include a Cas9 polypeptide, a guide nucleic acid, and a PAMmer. A subject PAMmer is a single stranded oligonucleotide having a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence and at least one of: a specifity segment positioned 5′ of the PAM sequence, and an orientation segment positioned 3′ of the PAM sequence. In some embodiments, the Cas9 polypeptide is a variant Cas9 polypeptide having reduced nuclease activity relative to a corresponding wild type Cas9 polypeptide. In some cases, methods of binding are for visualizing single stranded target nucleic acids using a detectable label. In some cases, methods of binding are for isolating, collecting, and/or analyzing at least one of: (i) bound single stranded target nucleic acids; and (ii) polypeptides associated with bound single stranded target nucleic acids.
1. A method of cleaving a single stranded target RNA, the method comprising:
contacting the single stranded target RNA with:
(i) a Cas9 polypeptide;
(ii) a guide nucleic acid comprising:
(a) a targeting segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a first target nucleotide sequence in the single stranded target RNA, and
(b) a protein-binding segment comprising two stretches of nucleotides that hybridize with one another to form a double-stranded RNA duplex that interacts with the Cas9 polypeptide; and
(iii) a PAMmer, wherein the PAMmer is a single stranded DNA oligonucleotide that hybridizes to the single stranded target RNA to generate a double-stranded nucleic acid substrate, the PAMmer comprising:
(a) a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence, and
(b) an orientation segment, positioned 3′ of the PAM sequence, comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a second target nucleotide sequence in the single stranded target RNA.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the target ssRNA is selected from: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, non-coding RNA (ncRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA).
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the single stranded target RNA is from a virus.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the PAM sequence is the 5′ end of the PAMmer.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the PAMmer further comprises a specificity segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to the first target nucleotide sequence.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the PAMmer comprises a detectable label.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the PAM sequence is 5′-NGG-3′.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said contacting is in a cell in vitro or ex vivo.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said contacting is in a cell in vivo.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the guide nucleic acid is a DNA/RNA hybrid nucleic acid.