Electricity meter with fault detection mechanism and fault detection method
An electricity meter for metering an amount of energy in accordance with a primary AC current and an AC supply voltage. The electricity meter comprises a current transformer comprising the primary conductor, a secondary winding, an auxiliary winding, and a magnetic core arranged to be magnetically coupled with the three windings. The electricity meter further comprises a circuit configured to provide the auxiliary winding with a test signal modulated in accordance with at least one of a first and a second modulation state. The test signal has the same frequency as the AC supply voltage. The electricity meter further comprises an electrical energy consumption measurement unit, coupled to the secondary winding, and being configured to provide a first test value as a function of a secondary current flowing through the secondary winding when the test signal is in a first modulation state, to provide a second test value as a function of a secondary current flowing through the secondary winding when the test signal is in a second modulation state, and to determine, on the basis of the first and second test values, whether a measurement fault warning signal is to be generated.
1. An electricity meter for metering an amount of energy in accordance with a primary AC current and an AC supply voltage provided by an electrical distribution grid, the AC supply voltage having a given AC voltage frequency and the primary AC current being fed through a primary conductor, the electricity meter comprising:
a current transformer, comprising the primary conductor, a secondary winding, an auxiliary winding, and a magnetic core arranged to be magnetically coupled with the primary conductor, the secondary winding and the auxiliary winding,—
a circuit configured to provide the auxiliary winding with a test signal modulated in accordance with at least one of a first and a second modulation state, the test signal having the same frequency as the AC supply voltage;
an electrical energy consumption measurement unit coupled to the secondary winding and configured to:
provide a first test value as a function of a secondary current flowing through the secondary winding when the test signal is in a first modulation state,
provide a second test value as a function of a secondary current flowing through the secondary winding when the test signal is in a second modulation state, and
determine, on the basis of the first and second test values, whether a measurement fault warning signal is to be generated.
2. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , wherein the circuit providing the test signal is configured to adapt at least one of amplitude and phase of the AC grid voltage and provide the adapted AC grid voltage as the test signal.
3. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , further comprising a control unit configured to provide a control signal for the circuit to control the modulation state of the test signal.
4. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical consumption measurement unit is configured to determine, on the basis of a correlation between a signal that varies in accordance with the modulation states of the test signal and a set formed of the first and second test values, whether the measurement fault warning signal is to be generated.
5. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , wherein the circuit is configured to provide the test signal such that the first modulation state differs from the second modulation state in at least one of an amplitude and a phase.
6. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , wherein the circuit is configured to provide the test signal such that, in the first modulation state, the amplitude of the test signal is zero, and, in the second modulation state, the amplitude of the test signal is larger than zero.
7. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , wherein the circuit is configured such that the phase of the test signal in the first modulation state is shifted by 180° relative to the phase of the test signal in the second modulation state.
8. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical energy consumption measurement unit is configured to determine whether the measurement fault warning signal is to be generated on the basis of a comparison between a difference between the first and second test values and a predetermined threshold.
9. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical energy consumption measurement unit is configured to determine, in accordance with the AC supply voltage, the first and second test values as energy detection values indicative of at least one of an amount of energy due to active power and an amount of energy due to reactive power, and wherein the circuit is configured to provide the test signal in at least one of the first modulation state and the second modulation state with a predetermined phase with respect to the AC supply voltage.
10. The electricity meter according to claim 9 , wherein each of the first and second test values is an energy detection value indicative of an amount of energy due to active power, wherein, in the first modulation state, the amplitude of the test signal is zero, and, in the second modulation state, the amplitude of the test signal is larger than zero, and wherein a predetermined phase shift between the test signal in the second modulation state and the AC supply voltage is 90°.
11. The electricity meter according to claim 10 , wherein the second time interval directly precedes or follows the first time interval.
12. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical energy measurement unit is configured to generate a pulse signal, the pulse frequency of the pulse signal being indicative of at least one of active power and reactive power determined as a function of the secondary current.
13. The electricity meter according to claim 12 , wherein the measurement unit is configured to provide, as the first test value, a first time interval between a first pair of successive pulses of the pulse signal, and to provide, as the second test value, a second time interval between a second pair of successive pulses.
14. The electricity meter according to claim 12 , wherein the electrical energy consumption measurement unit is configured to determine the first and second test values as numbers of pulses of the pulse signal registered during first and second accumulation time intervals, respectively.
15. The electricity meter according to claim 14 , wherein the length of the first and second accumulation time intervals is 24 hours or more.
16. The electricity meter according to claim 14 , wherein the electrical energy consumption measurement unit comprises an acquisition unit, configured to acquire a power consumption over time profile, the electrical energy consumption measurement unit being configured to set the length of the first and second accumulation time intervals on the basis of the acquired power consumption over time profile.
17. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical energy consumption measurement unit is configured to provide the first test value as a function of the secondary current flowing in a first test interval, and provide the second test value as a function of the secondary current flowing in a second test interval, and set the first and second test intervals to predetermined times of day.
18. The electricity meter according to claim 17 , wherein the electrical energy consumption measurement unit comprises an acquisition unit, configured to acquire a power consumption over time profile, the measurement unit being configured to set the predetermined times of day on the basis of the acquired power consumption over time profile.
19. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical energy consumption measurement unit is configured to generate a measurement fault indication signal in response to a generated measurement fault warning signal.
20. The electricity meter according to claim 19 , wherein the electrical energy consumption measurement unit is configured to generate the measurement fault indication signal if a predetermined number of successive determinations of whether the fault warning signal is to be generated have resulted in the determination that the fault warning signal is to be generated.
21. The electricity meter according to claim 19 , wherein the electrical energy consumption measurement unit is configured to generate the measurement fault indication signal if, within a predetermined time interval, a predetermined number of determinations of whether the fault warning signal is to be generated have resulted in the determination that the fault warning signal is to be generated.
22. The electricity meter according to claim 19 , wherein the electrical energy consumption measurement unit is configured to generate the measurement fault indication signal if, among a first predetermined number of determinations of whether the fault warning signal is to be generated, a second predetermined number of the determinations have resulted in the determination that the fault warning signal is to be generated.
23. The electricity meter according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical energy consumption measurement unit is configured to determine, on the basis of the first and second test values, whether the magnetic core is saturated.
24. A method of detecting a fault in an electricity meter for metering an amount of energy in accordance with a primary AC current and an AC supply voltage provided by an electrical distribution grid, the AC supply voltage having a given AC voltage frequency and the primary AC current being fed through a primary conductor, wherein the electricity meter comprises:
a current transformer comprising the primary conductor, a secondary winding, an auxiliary winding, and a magnetic core arranged to be magnetically coupled with the primary conductor, the secondary winding and the auxiliary winding, and
a circuit configured to provide the auxiliary winding with a test signal modulated in accordance with at least one of a first and a second modulation state, the test signal having the same frequency as the AC voltage;
wherein the method comprises the steps of:
providing a first test value as a function of a secondary current flowing through the secondary winding when the test signal is in the first modulation state,
providing a second test value as a function of a secondary current flowing through the secondary winding when the test signal is in the second modulation state, and
determining, on the basis of the first and second test values, whether a measurement fault warning signal is to be generated.
25. The method according to claim 24 , further comprising determining, on the basis of the first and second test values, whether the magnetic core is saturated.