Production of graphene oxide
A method for the production of graphene oxide and/or graphite oxide nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm in an electrochemical cell, the cell comprising: (a) a positive electrode that is graphitic; (b) a negative electrode that may be graphitic or another material; (c) an electrolyte including: (i) organic anions in a solvent; (ii) non-oxidant polyatomic anions in a solution; and/or (ii) polyatomic anions in a solvent wherein the electrolyte has a hydrogen ion concentration of <1×10 −1 mol dm −3 ; wherein the method comprises the step of passing a current through the cell to intercalate the anions into the graphitic positive electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic positive electrode.
1. A method for the production of either one or both of (i) graphene oxide, and (ii) graphite oxide nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm, in an electrochemical cell, the cell comprising:
(a) a positive electrode that is graphitic, wherein the positive electrode is associated with an electrode cohesion element;
(b) a negative electrode that may be graphitic or another material;
(c) an electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of carboxylate anions and counter ions to the carboxylate anions, the electrolyte having a hydrogen ion concentration of <1×10 −1 mol dm −3 , wherein the counter ions to the carboxylate anions are metal cations or organic cations;
wherein the method comprises the step of passing a current through the cell to intercalate the anions into the graphitic positive electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic positive electrode.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises an electrolyte-contacting surface and wherein at least half of the electrolyte-contacting surface of the positive electrode comes into direct contact with the electrode cohesion element during the step of passing the current through the cell.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises an electrolyte-contacting surface and wherein all of the electrolyte-contacting surface of the positive electrode comes into direct contact with the electrode cohesion element during the step of passing the current through the cell.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrode cohesion element is a porous filter.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the porous filter comprises a material selected from one or more of cellulose dialysis membranes, polycarbonate membranes, and muslin cloth.