System for immunotherapy targeting tumor propagation and progression
Finding biologically relevant cancer markers is key to developing an effective treatment. Once specific antigens have been identified that are present on the cell population responsible for propagating tumors, T cells can be genetically altered to target these antigens and then used for personalized T cell therapy. A method to identify and select peptide antigens that effectively associate with and are presented by host HLA surface molecules originating from tumor cells responsible for the persistence and propagation of a cancer has been developed. The system of using these data to produce T cells engineered to express T cell receptors recognizing the peptide antigens is used in the production of a personalized adoptive T cell therapy for cancer that eliminates the cells capable of tumor propagation and cancer progression. The system is especially useful in the production of cancer treatments to achieve complete durable remission of cancers of epithelial origin.
1. A method of identifying populations of actively expanding cells with an average diameter of 5 micrometers in tumor explant from an individual comprising
(a) obtaining a tumor sample from an individual, wherein the tumor sample comprises an tumor explant;
(b) cultivating the tumor sample under conditions that induce a stress response in differentiating and differentiated cells and activate a regenerative response in the actively expanding cells causing them to propagate;
(c) isolating the dominant actively expanding, most rapidly dividing population of cells from step (b) comprising cells with an average diameter of 5 micrometers; and
(d) culturing the cells to 60 to 95% confluence.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditions that activate a regenerative response are selected from the group consisting of serum-free, defined cell culture medium and agents that can induce apoptosis and/or necrosis of the differentiating and differentiated cells, medium containing cAMP elevating agents, medium designed to inhibit cell-cell adhesion, medium containing nitric oxide, medium containing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), medium containing interleukin 1-beta (IL1-α), medium containing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), medium containing hydrocolloid, dextran, or similar material to disrupt cell adhesion and to disfavor the survival of more differentiated cells, and medium containing less than about 1 mM calcium.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, culturing the cells obtained from step (d) wherein 80% to 100% of said cells are very small epithelial cells (VSEC), small dense epithelial cells (SDEC) and small cuboidal epithelial cells (SCEC).