Racks for high-temperature metal processing
View Patent ↗In various embodiments, apparatuses for receiving and supporting one or more components during processing thereof at process temperatures greater than approximately 1000° C. feature refractory metal shelves separated by refractory metal support posts.
1. An apparatus for receiving and supporting one or more components during processing thereof at a process temperature greater than approximately 1000° C., the apparatus comprising:
a first shelf (i) comprising a first refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature and (ii) defining therethrough a plurality of apertures, each aperture being threaded through at least a portion of its thickness;
a plurality of first support posts, each first support post (i) comprising a second refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature, (ii) having a threaded lower end for engagement with a threaded aperture of the first shelf, and (iii) defining a support collar proximate an upper end opposite the threaded lower end, a lateral dimension of the first support post above the support collar being smaller than a lateral dimension of the first support post below the support collar;
a second shelf (i) comprising a third refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature and (ii) defining therethrough a plurality of apertures, each aperture of the second shelf being configured to receive the upper end of one of the first support posts such that a portion of the second shelf proximate each aperture thereof rests upon the support collar of the first support post received in the aperture,
a third shelf (i) comprising a fourth refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature and (ii) defining therethrough a plurality of apertures; and
a plurality of second support posts, each second support post (i) comprising a fifth refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature, (ii) having a threaded lower end for engagement with a threaded aperture, (iii) defining a support collar proximate an upper end opposite the threaded lower end, a lateral dimension of each second support post above the support collar being smaller than a lateral dimension of each second support post below the support collar, and (iv) defining a dowel pin mount through the upper end thereof above the support collar,
wherein (A) the upper end of each second support post is receivable within an aperture of the third shelf such that (i) a portion of the third shelf proximate each aperture thereof rests upon the support collar of the second support post received in the aperture, and (ii) the dowel pin mount of each second support post is disposed above a top surface of the third shelf, (B) each of the apertures of the second shelf is threaded through at least a portion of its thickness, and (C) the threaded lower end of each second support post is receivable within one of the threaded apertures in the second shelf.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first, second, third, fourth, or fifth refractory metals comprises a TZM alloy.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first, second, third, fourth, or fifth refractory metals comprises at least one of Nb, Ta, Re, W, or Mo.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the threaded lower end of each of the first support posts defines a support shoulder above threads of the threaded lower end, a lateral dimension of each first support post above the support shoulder being larger than a lateral dimension of the threaded lower end thereof.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the threaded lower end of each of the second support posts defines a support shoulder above threads of the threaded lower end, a lateral dimension of each second support post above the support shoulder being larger than a lateral dimension of the threaded lower end thereof.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of locking pins, each locking pin (i) comprising a sixth refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature and (ii) being receivable within the dowel pin mount of one of the second support posts, thereby preventing disengagement of the second support posts from the third shelf.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein each locking pin defines one or more apertures therethrough.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising a plurality of retaining wires, each retaining wire (i) comprising a seventh refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature and (ii) being receivable within an aperture of a locking pin, thereby preventing disengagement of the locking pin from the second support post in which it is received.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first shelf defines a central aperture therethrough, the apparatus further comprising:
disposed below the first shelf, a shelf support comprising a plurality of interconnected cross braces, each cross brace comprising a fourth refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature; and
a first support tube (i) having a lower end for extending through the central aperture of the first shelf and defining a plurality of notches, each notch configured to receive therein one of the cross braces of the shelf support, and (ii) comprising a fifth refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the first support tube has an upper end opposite the lower end, the upper end defining therein a plurality of notches, the apparatus further comprising a first support brace comprising a plurality of appendages for supporting the second shelf thereon, each appendage being configured for receipt into one of the notches of the upper end of the first support tube.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the appendages of the support brace define a cross shape.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the second shelf defines a central aperture therethrough, the apparatus further comprising a second support tube (i) having a lower end for extending through the central aperture of the second shelf and defining a plurality of notches, each notch configured to receive therein one of the appendages of the support brace, and (ii) comprising a sixth refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the second support tube has an upper end opposite the lower end, the upper end defining therein a plurality of notches.
14. The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising, disposed beneath the shelf support, a base comprising (i) a plurality of spaced-apart cross bars each defining a plurality of apertures therethrough, and (ii) a plurality of spaced-apart through rods each extending through the apertures of multiple ones of the cross bars.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein:
the base comprises one or more alignment features extending upward therefrom; and
the shelf support comprises one or more brackets each for receiving one of the one or more alignment features.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising, disposed beneath the first shelf, a base comprising (i) a plurality of spaced-apart cross bars each (a) defining a plurality of apertures therethrough and (b) comprising a fourth refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature, and (ii) a plurality of spaced-apart through rods each (a) extending through the apertures of multiple ones of the cross bars and (b) comprising a fifth refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , further comprising, disposed below the first shelf and above the base, a shelf support comprising a plurality of interconnected cross braces, each cross brace comprising a sixth refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein:
the base comprises one or more alignment features extending upward therefrom; and
the shelf support comprises one or more brackets each for receiving one of the one or more alignment features.
19. A method of high-temperature brazing at a process temperature greater than approximately 1000° C., the method comprising:
disposing within a furnace chamber an apparatus comprising:
a first shelf (i) comprising a first refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature and (ii) defining therethrough a plurality of apertures, each aperture being threaded through at least a portion of its thickness,
a plurality of first support posts, each first support post (i) comprising a second refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature, (ii) having a threaded lower end for engagement with a threaded aperture of the first shelf, and (iii) defining a support collar proximate an upper end opposite the threaded lower end, a lateral dimension of the first support post above the support collar being smaller than a lateral dimension of the first support post below the support collar,
a second shelf (i) comprising a third refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature and (ii) defining therethrough a plurality of apertures, each aperture of the second shelf receiving the upper end of one of the first support posts such that a portion of the second shelf proximate each aperture thereof rests upon the support collar of the first support post received in the aperture,
a third shelf (i) comprising a fourth refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature and (ii) defining therethrough a plurality of apertures, and
a plurality of second support posts, each second support post (i) comprising a fifth refractory metal having a melting point greater than the process temperature, (ii) having a threaded lower end for engagement with a threaded aperture, (iii) defining a support collar proximate an upper end opposite the threaded lower end, a lateral dimension of each second support post above the support collar being smaller than a lateral dimension of each second support post below the support collar, and (iv) defining a dowel pin mount through the upper end thereof above the support collar,
wherein (A) the upper end of each second support post is received within an aperture of the third shelf such that (i) a portion of the third shelf proximate each aperture thereof rests upon the support collar of the second support post received in the aperture, and (ii) the dowel pin mount of each second support post is disposed above a top surface of the third shelf, and (B) the threaded lower end of each second support post is received within a threaded aperture in the second shelf;
disposing on the first shelf or the second shelf or the third shelf of the apparatus (i) a first component, (ii) a second component, and (iii) a brazing material disposed between the first and second components;
introducing within the furnace chamber a processing ambient; and
applying the process temperature within the furnace chamber, thereby melting the brazing material and joining the first and second components at a brazed joint therebetween.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein introducing the processing ambient comprises at least partially evacuating the furnace chamber.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein introducing the processing ambient comprises introducing a process gas within the furnace chamber.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the process gas comprises hydrogen.
23. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the apertures defined through the third shelf is unthreaded.
24. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the dowel pin mounts is unthreaded.
25. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each aperture of the first shelf extends through an entirety of a thickness of the first shelf.
26. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the dowel pin mounts extends through a central axis of the upper end of the second support post in which it is defined.