Chlorinated ester polyvinyl-chloride secondary plasticizer and related methods
A composition having polyvinylchloride; and a chlorinated ester having the chemical structure: wherein R 1 is a C 6-22 chlorinated-hydrocarbon moiety, wherein R 2 is a C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbon moiety, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein if n is greater than 1, each R 1 is the same or different; and wherein the chlorinated ester is 15-70% by weight chlorine; wherein the chlorinated ester is a product of a process that uses fatty-acid-ester reactants having less than two C═C double bonds; and wherein the chlorinated ester is a product of a process that does not use fatty-acid-ester reactants having two or more C═C double bonds.
1. A composition comprising:
polyvinylchloride; and
a chlorinated ester having the chemical structure:
wherein R 1 is a C 6-22 chlorinated-hydrocarbon moiety,
wherein R 2 is a C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbon moiety,
wherein n is 1, 2, 3, or 4,
wherein if n is greater than 1, each R 1 is the same or different; and
wherein the chlorinated ester is 15-70% by weight chlorine;
wherein the chlorinated ester is a product of a process that uses fatty-acid-ester reactants having less than two C═C double bonds;
wherein the chlorinated ester is a product of a process that does not use fatty-acid-ester reactants having two or more C═C double bonds; and
with chlorination occurring first across the single double bond via an addition reaction.
2. The composition claim 1 , wherein n is 1.
3. The composition claim 1 , wherein n is 2.
4. The composition claim 1 , wherein n is 3.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein n is 4.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 15-60% by weight chlorine.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 25-70% by weight chlorine.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is 50-99% by weight polyvinylchloride.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is 1-50% by weight chlorinated ester.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is CH 3 .
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated ester does not have C═C double bonds.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 25 to 55% by weight chlorine.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 20 to 55% by weight chlorine.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 25 to 50% by weight chlorine.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 25 to 40% by weight chlorine.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the composition is 50-99% by weight polyvinylchloride;
the composition is 1-50% by weight the chlorinated ester;
R 2 is CH 3 ;
the chlorinated ester does not have C═C double bonds; and
the chlorinated ester is 25 to 40% by weight chlorine.
17. A composition comprising:
polyvinylchloride; and
a chlorinated ester having the chemical structure:
wherein R 1 is a C 12-18 chlorinated-hydrocarbon moiety;
wherein R 2 is a CH 3 hydrocarbon moiety;
wherein the chlorinated ester is greater than or equal to 15% by weight chlorine;
wherein the chlorinated ester is a product of a process that uses fatty-acid-ester reactants having less than two C═C double bonds;
wherein the chlorinated ester is a product of a process that does not use fatty-acid-ester reactants having two or more C═C double bonds;
with chlorination occurring first across the single double bond via an addition reaction; and
the composition is 1-50% by weight chlorinated ester.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 15-40% by weight chlorine.
19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the chlorinated ester is greater than or equal to 25% by weight chlorine.
20. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the composition is 10-15% by weight chlorinated ester.
21. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the composition is 5-20% by weight chlorinated ester.
22. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the composition is less than or equal to 20% by weight chlorinated ester.
23. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the composition is 65-95% by weight polyvinylchloride.
24. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the chlorinated ester does not have C═C double bonds.
25. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 25 to 55% by weight chlorine.
26. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 15 to 50% by weight chlorine.
27. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 25 to 50% by weight chlorine.
28. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 20 to 45% by weight chlorine.
29. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 25 to 40% by weight chlorine.
30. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 20 to 40% by weight chlorine.
31. The composition of claim 17 , wherein:
the composition is 65-95% by weight polyvinylchloride;
the chlorinated ester does not have C═C double bonds; and
the chlorinated ester is 15-40% by weight chlorine.
32. The composition of claim 31 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 20-40% by weight chlorine.
33. The composition of claim 31 , wherein the chlorinated ester is 25-40% by weight chlorine.
34. The composition of claim 31 , wherein the composition is a plastisol composition that is a suspension of PVC particles in a liquid phase comprising the chlorinated ester.
35. The composition of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a C10, C12, C14, C16, C18, or C20 chlorinated hydrocarbon moiety.
36. The composition of claim 17 , wherein R 1 is a C10, C12, C14, C16, C18, or C20 chlorinated hydrocarbon moiety.