Homopiperazine-based catalysts for neutralization of organophosphorus-based compounds
Novel compositions of matter based on homopiperazine precursor materials and forming a homopiperazine-based ligand are disclosed, along with suitable techniques and materials for the synthesis and utilization thereof. In particular various synthetic schemes and techniques for applying the disclosed compositions of matter as a decontaminating agent. The decontaminating agents include homopiperazine-based ligand-metal complexes that are particularly effective at neutralizing toxicity of nerve agents, pesticides, and other toxic organophosphorus-based compounds. In preferred approaches, the homopiperazine-based ligand-metal complexes act as catalysts to facilitate substitution of a leaving group of the organophosphorus-based compound with a functional group that does not permit the organophosphorus-based compound to inactivate acetylcholinesterase upon introduction of the organophosphorus-based compound to a living organism such as insects and mammals. Advantageously, the catalytic homopiperazine-based ligand-metal complexes are formed using inexpensive, readily-available precursor materials, and may be utilized to neutralize toxins without relying on damaging caustic reactants or environmentally unfriendly organic solvents.
1. A composition of matter, comprising: a homopiperazine-based ligand; wherein the composition of matter has a structure selected from the group consisting of:
wherein each R is a chemical moiety independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, an electron donating group, an electron withdrawing group, and a solubilizing ligand.
2. The composition of matter as recited in claim 1 , comprising at least one sp 2 nitrogen atom and at least one sp3 nitrogen atom.
3. The composition of matter as recited in claim 2 , wherein the at least one sp 2 nitrogen atom and the at least one sp3 nitrogen atom form a central chelating site configured to chelate a metal cation placed in the chelating site.
4. The composition of matter as recited in claim 3 , wherein the chelating site comprises two sp 2 nitrogen atoms and two sp 3 nitrogen atoms.
5. A composition of matter, comprising:
a homopiperazine-based ligand; and
at least one sp 2 nitrogen atom and at least one sp3 nitrogen atom; and
wherein the nitrogen atoms form a central chelating site configured to chelate a metal cation placed in the chelating site, the chelating site having a structure
and
wherein —R has a structure selected from: —CH 2 C—, —CH 2 N—; —CH 2 CH 2 C—; and —CH 2 CH 2 N—.
6. The composition of matter as recited in claim 1 , comprising a metal cation conjugated with the homopiperazine ligand.
7. The composition of matter as recited in claim 6 , comprising a hydroxyl moiety functionalized to the metal cation.
8. The composition of matter as recited in claim 6 , wherein the metal cation is selected from the group consisting of: Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Fe 2+ , and Ni 3+ .
9. The composition of matter as recited in claim 1 , wherein
the composition of matter is functionalized on a substrate;
wherein the substrate comprises one or more of a surface and a solid support,
wherein the surface is selected from a group consisting of a planar surface and nanoparticles; and
wherein the solid support is selected from the group consisting of porous beads, a resin, and a filter.
10. The composition of matter as recited in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the chemical moieties is the solubilizing ligand; and
wherein the solubilizing ligand comprises polyethlyene glycol.
11. A method of forming the homopiperazine-based ligand as recited in claim 1 , the method, comprising:
reacting a homopiperazine-based compound with one or more of an azide and a terminal alkyne in the presence of Cu(I) to form the homopiperazine-based ligand.
12. A method, comprising: neutralizing toxicity of one or more organophosphorus-based compounds by reacting the organophosphorus based compound(s) with a homopiperazine-based ligand-metal complex as recited in claim 6 .
13. The method as recited in claim 12 , the reacting comprising substituting a leaving group of the organophosphorus-based compound with a hydroxyl moiety conjugated to the homopiperazine-based ligand-metal complex.
14. The composition of matter as recited in claim 6 , wherein the metal cation is Zn 2+ .
15. The composition of matter as recited in claim 6 , wherein the metal cation is further functionalized to a water molecule.
16. The composition of matter as recited in claim 1 , solvated in an aqueous solution in an amount ranging from about 10 mol % to about 50 mol %.
17. The composition of matter as recited in claim 1 , solvated in an organic phase solvent in an amount ranging from about 10 mol % to about 50 mol %.