Nonwoven cementitious composite for In-Situ hydration
A cementitious composite material for in-situ hydration includes a mesh layer, a cementitious material, a sealing layer, and a containment layer. The mesh layer has a first side and a second side. The mesh layer includes a plurality of discontinuous fibers arranged in a nonwoven configuration and coupled with one another. The cementitious material is disposed within the mesh layer. The cementitious material includes a plurality of cementitious particles. The sealing layer is disposed along the first side of the mesh layer and coupled to the plurality of discontinuous nonwoven fibers. The containment layer is disposed along the second side of the mesh layer and configured to prevent the plurality of cementitious particles from migrating out of the mesh layer.
1. A cementitious composite material for in-situ hydration, the cementitious composite material comprising:
a mesh layer having a first side and a second side and including a plurality of fibers arranged in a nonwoven configuration, the plurality of fibers cooperatively defining a plurality of spaces permitting migration of particles throughout and into the mesh layer;
a cementitious material disposed within the mesh layer, wherein the cementitious material includes a plurality of cementitious particles migrating throughout and into the plurality of spaces of the mesh layer;
a water-impermeable sealing layer disposed along the first side of the mesh layer and coupled to the plurality of fibers; and
a containment layer disposed along the second side of the mesh layer and preventing the plurality of cementitious particles from migrating out of the mesh layer.
2. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the volume within the mesh layer and between the plurality of fibers defines an open space, wherein the open space defines between 80.0 percent and 99.8 percent by volume of the mesh layer.
3. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the mesh layer includes a first mesh portion including a first plurality of fibers arranged in a nonwoven configuration and a second mesh portion including a second plurality of fibers arranged in a nonwoven configuration, wherein the first mesh portion is at least one of stacked and intertwined with the second mesh portion, and wherein the second plurality of fibers are more densely arranged than the first plurality of fibers.
4. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the cementitious material includes a plurality of micro fibers having a nominal length of less than 0.1 millimeters and a diameter of less than 10 microns.
5. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the containment layer defines a retaining surface and an aperture facilitating a fluid flow into the cementitious material, wherein the aperture has an area of between 0.001 millimeters squared and 3.0 millimeters squared.
6. The cementitious composite material of claim 5 , wherein the containment layer defines a plurality of apertures at a frequency of between one and twelve thousand apertures per square inch.
7. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fibers are arranged such that the mesh layer has a thickness of between ten millimeters and fifty millimeters.
8. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the containment layer comprises a sheet removable at least one of before and after in-situ hydration.
9. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the water-impermeable sealing layer is integrally formed with the mesh layer.
10. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the containment layer is removable from the cementitious composite material.
11. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the containment layer is water soluble such that the containment layer is disintegrates upon in-situ hydration.
12. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the water-impermeable sealing layer and the containment layer are coupled to the mesh layer without puncturing either of the water-impermeable sealing layer or the containment layer.
13. The cementitious composite material of claim 12 , wherein the containment layer is at least one of (i) removable from the cementitious composite material and (ii) water soluble.
14. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the water-impermeable sealing layer and the containment layer are coupled to the first side and the second side of the mesh layer, respectively, in the same manner.
15. The cementitious composite material of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fibers of the mesh layer are arranged to form a plurality of discrete nodes spaced relative to one another such that the plurality of fibers cooperatively define the plurality of spaces between the plurality of discrete nodes.