Robust, lightweight, low compression height piston and method of construction thereof
A piston for an internal combustion engine and method of construction is provided. The piston has a robust, lightweight monolithic piston body including an upper wall forming a combustion bowl depending radially inwardly from an annular, uppermost combustion surface. An undercrown surface is formed on an underside of the combustion bowl, with at least a portion of the undercrown surface being bounded by diametrically opposite skirt portions, pin bosses and strut portions connecting the skirt portions to the pin bosses. The bounded undercrown surface has an openly exposed surface area, as viewed looking along a central longitudinal axis along which the piston reciprocates, providing an expansive area against which oil being splashed or sprayed can come into direct contact with to enhance cooling the piston while in use. Through channels extending over upper regions of the pin bosses can be provided to further reduce weight and facilitate cooling.
1. A piston for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a monolithic piston body extending along a central longitudinal axis, said piston body having an upper wall forming an upper combustion surface with an annular ring belt region depending from the upper combustion surface for receipt of at least one piston ring, said upper combustion surface having first and second portions, said first portion extending annularly along an outer periphery of said upper wall and said second portion forming a combustion bowl depending radially inwardly from said first portion, said upper wall having an undercrown surface formed on an underside of said combustion bowl directly opposite said second portion;
a pair of skirt portions depending from said ring belt region;
a pair of pin bosses providing a pair of laterally spaced pin bores aligned along a pin bore axis for receipt of a wrist pin, said pin bosses being joined to said skirt portions via strut portions;
said undercrown surface being bounded by said skirt portions, said strut portions and said pin bosses, said undercrown surface having an openly exposed projected 2-dimensional surface area, as viewed looking along said central longitudinal axis, between about 30-55 percent of an area defined by a maximum outer diameter of said piston body; and
said piston body having diametrically opposite, peripherally enclosed channels extending over upper surfaces of said pin bosses and beneath said upper wall, with said enclosed channels opening into said bounded undercrown surface and projecting radially outwardly of outer end faces of said pin bosses.
2. The piston of claim 1 wherein said the undercrown surface bounded by said skirt portions, said strut portions and said pin bosses has a total 3-dimensional surface area that is greater than 30 percent of said area defined by a maximum outer diameter of said piston body.
3. The piston of claim 1 wherein said enclosed channels have a non-circular shape as viewed in axial cross-section.
4. The piston of claim 3 wherein said enclosed channels have an asymmetrical shape as viewed in axial cross-section.
5. The piston of claim 1 wherein said outer peripheries of said skirt portions, said strut portions and said pin bosses extend between about 75-100 percent of the outer circumference of said upper combustion surface.
6. A piston for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a monolithic piston body extending, said piston body having an upper wall forming an upper combustion surface with an annular ring belt region depending from the upper combustion surface for receipt of at least one piston ring, said upper combustion surface having first and second portions, said first portion extending annularly along an outer periphery of said upper wall and said second portion forming a combustion bowl depending radially inwardly from said first portion, said upper wall having an undercrown surface formed on an underside of said combustion bowl directly opposite said second portion;
a pair of skirt portions depending from said ring belt region;
a pair of pin bosses providing a pair of laterally spaced pin bores aligned along a pin bore axis for receipt of a wrist pin, said pin bosses being joined to said skirt portions via strut portions said pin bosses having axially outwardly facing pin boss end faces;
said undercrown surface being bounded by said skirt portions, said strut portions and said pin bosses and having an openly exposed projected 2-dimensional surface area, as viewed looking along said central longitudinal axis; and
said piston body has diametrically opposite, peripherally enclosed channels extending over upper surfaces of said pin bosses beneath said upper wall as well as radially outwardly of said pin boss end faces, with said channels opening into said openly exposed undercrown surface bounded by said skirt portion, said strut portions and said pin bosses.
7. The piston of claim 6 wherein said enclosed channels have a non-circular shape as viewed in axial cross-section.
8. The piston of claim 6 wherein said openly exposed projected 2-dimensional surface area is between about 30-55 percent of an area defined by a maximum outer diameter of said piston body.
9. The piston of claim 6 wherein said the undercrown surface bounded by said skirt portions, said strut portions and said pin bosses has a total 3-dimensional surface area that is greater than 30 percent of said area defined by a maximum outer diameter of said piston body.
10. The piston of claim 6 wherein said outer peripheries of said skirt portions, said strut portions and said pin bosses extend between about 75-100 percent of the outer circumference of said upper combustion surface.
11. A method of constructing a piston for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
forming a monolithic piston body having an upper wall with an upper combustion surface and an annular ring belt region depending from the upper combustion surface, forming the upper combustion surface having first and second portions, with the first portion extending annularly along an outer periphery of the upper wall and the second portion forming a combustion bowl depending radially inwardly from the first portion, forming an undercrown surface on an underside of the combustion bowl directly opposite the second portion, with at least a portion of the undercrown surface being bounded by diametrically opposite skirt portions, pin bosses and strut portions extending between the skirt portions and the pin bosses, forming the bounded undercrown surface having an openly exposed projected 2-dimensional surface area, as viewed looking along the central longitudinal axis, between about 30-55 percent of an area defined by a maximum outer diameter of the piston body; and
forming the piston body having diametrically opposite, peripherally enclosed channels extending over upper surfaces of the pin bosses and beneath the upper wall, with the channels opening into the openly exposed undercrown surface bounded by the skirt portion, the strut portions and the pin bosses.
12. The method of claim 11 further including forming the undercrown surface bounded by the skirt portion, the strut portions and the pin bosses having a total 3-dimensional surface area that is greater than 30 percent of the area of the piston body.
13. The method of claim 11 further including forming the enclosed channels in a casting process.
14. The method of claim 13 further including casting the enclosed channels having a non-circular shape as viewed in cross-section.
15. The method of claim 14 further including casting the enclosed channels having an asymmetrical shape as viewed in cross-section.
16. The method of claim 11 further including forming the outer peripheries of the skirt portions, the strut portions and the pin bosses extending between about 75-100 percent of the outer circumference of the upper combustion surface.
17. The method of claim 11 further including forming the piston in one of a machining, forging, additive manufacturing, 3-D printing or casting process.
18. A method of constructing a piston for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
forming a monolithic piston body having an upper wall with an upper combustion surface and an annular ring belt region depending from the upper combustion surface, forming the upper combustion surface having first and second portions, with the first portion extending annularly along an outer periphery of the upper wall and the second portion forming a combustion bowl depending radially inwardly from the first portion, forming an undercrown surface on an underside of the combustion bowl directly opposite the second portion, with at least a portion of the undercrown surface being bounded by diametrically opposite skirt portions, pin bosses and strut portions extending between the skirt portions and the pin bosses, forming the bounded undercrown surface having an openly exposed surface area, as viewed looking along the central longitudinal axis, and forming diametrically opposite, peripherally enclosed channels extending over upper surfaces of the pin bosses and beneath the upper wall, with the enclosed channels opening into the bounded undercrown surface and projecting radially outwardly of outer end faces of said pin bosses.
19. The method of claim 18 further including forming the enclosed channels in a casting process.
20. The method of claim 19 further including casting the enclosed channels having a non-circular shape as viewed in cross-section.
21. The method of claim 20 further including casting the enclosed channels having an asymmetrical shape as viewed in cross-section.
22. The method of claim 18 further including forming the bounded undercrown surface having a total 3-dimensional surface area that is greater than 30 percent of the area of the piston body.
23. The method of claim 18 further including forming the bounded undercrown surface having an openly exposed projected 2-dimensional surface area between about 30-55 percent of an area defined by a maximum outer diameter of said piston body.
24. The method of claim 18 further including forming the outer peripheries of the skirt portions, the strut portions and the pin bosses extending between about 75-100 percent of the outer circumference of the upper combustion surface.
25. The method of claim 18 further including forming the piston in one of a machining, forging, additive manufacturing, 3-D printing or casting process.