Transmitters for animals and methods for transmitting from animals
Animal transmitters are provided that can include: a transducer configured to transmit a signal; process circuitry coupled to the transducer; and an energy harvesting element coupled to the process circuitry. Animals having a transmitter coupled thereto are also provided with the transmitter including an energy harvesting element in operational alignment with the animal's musculoskeletal system. Methods for transmitting the location of an animal are also provided with the methods including: coupling a transmitter powered by an energy harvesting element to the animal; and monitoring the transmissions of the transmitter.
1. A fish transmitter comprising:
a transducer configured to transmit a signal, wherein the transducer is IC-offset and defines a front wall that is thinner than a rear wall of the transducer in at least one cross section;
process circuitry coupled to the transducer;
an energy harvesting element extending lengthwise from the process circuitry, the process circuitry residing between the transducer and the energy harvesting element and arranged linearly beginning with the transducer and ending with the energy harvesting element, wherein the transmitter is configured to be implanted linearly along the length of the fish between the lateral line and the dorsal fin of the fish, and harvest energy from the fish's swimming movement;
wherein the transmitter has two portions, a first portion having a first portion height in at least one cross section and a second portion having a second portion height in at least the one cross section, the second portion height being larger than the first portion height; and
wherein the energy harvesting element resides in the second portion and the transducer and process circuitry reside in the first portion, the first portion being proximate the tail of the fish and the second portion being proximate the head of the fish when implanted.
2. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the transducer is configured to transmit an acoustic signal.
3. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the process circuitry is configured as a circuit board, the circuit board comprising both a transmission circuit and an energy harvesting circuit.
4. The transmitter of claim 3 wherein the energy harvesting circuit comprises:
an AC to DC rectifier;
an energy storage capacitor; and
a voltage sensing switch.
5. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the energy harvesting element is configured to operationally engage the fish's musculoskeletal system.
6. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive AC from the energy harvesting element, convert the AC to DC and store the DC.
7. The transmitter of claim 1 further comprising a voltage sensing switch configured to engage signal transmission when power is above a predetermined level and disengage power when it is below a predetermined level.
8. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein an entirety of the energy harvesting element is configured to be received within the body of the fish.