Systems and methods for delivery of gel embolics
Delivery systems for liquid embolics and methods of using them are disclosed. The devices generally include a catheter and one or more retention elements to limit migration of the liquid embolic to non-target sites.
1. A system for treating a patient, the system comprising:
a catheter;
at least one retention element slidably disposed within the catheter;
an embolic material flowable or slidable through a lumen of the catheter;
a shape memory wire connected to the at least one retention element; and
a detachable link disposed on the shape memory wire, the detachable link being one of an electrolytically severable segment, a mechanical link, and a thermally severable segment;
wherein the at least one retention element is configured to move from an unexpanded configuration to an expanded configuration within a body lumen and retain expansion of the embolic material substantially proximal to the at least one retention element within the body lumen.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one retention element is moveable between a compressed configuration characterized by a first diameter and an expanded configuration characterized by a second diameter larger than the first diameter.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one retention element comprises a spiral shape.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one retention element comprises a plurality of cross-members.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one retention element has a substantially planar structure.
6. A method of treating a patient utilizing a system according to claim 1 , the method comprising:
inserting a distal end of the catheter into a blood vessel;
advancing the at least one retention element distally from the catheter into the blood vessel; and
disposing the embolic material substantially proximally to the at least one retention element through the catheter.
7. The system for treating a patient of claim 1 , wherein the detachable link is disposed on the shape memory wire between a portion of the shape memory wire connected to the at least one retention element and another portion of the shape memory wire.
8. A system for treating a patient, the system comprising:
a catheter;
an embolic material slidably disposed within a lumen of the catheter;
a first retention element and a second retention element disposed proximally and distally about the embolic material, respectively;
a pushrod comprising a shape memory wire slidably disposed within the catheter; and
a link disposed on an end of the pushrod, the link detachably connecting the end of the pushrod to the first retention element, the link being one of an electrolytically severable segment, a mechanical link, and a thermally severable segment;
wherein the second retention element is configured to move from an unexpanded configuration to an expanded configuration within a body lumen and retain expansion of the embolic material substantially proximal to the second retention element within the body lumen.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the embolic material absorbs water when disposed in an aqueous environment.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the embolic material forms a gel.
11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the first retention element and the second retention element are connected to one another by an elongate member extending between them.
12. The system of claim 8 , wherein the embolic material is a superabsorbent polymer plug.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the superabsorbent polymer plug includes collagen.
14. A method of treating a patient using the system of claim 8 , the method comprising the steps of:
inserting a distal end of the catheter into a blood vessel of a patient; and
retracting the catheter over the pushrod, thereby releasing the first retention element and the second retention element and the embolic material.
15. A method of treating a patient, comprising the steps of:
forming, in a body lumen of a patient, an occlusive structure comprising:
an expandable implant configured to move from an unexpanded configuration to an expanded configuration within the body lumen;
a polymer plug contacting the expandable implant;
a shape memory wire connected to the expandable implant; and
a detachable link disposed on the shape memory wire, the detachable link being one of an electrolytically severable segment, a mechanical link, and a thermally severable segment;
wherein the polymer plug is formed by a liquid embolic material or a superabsorbent polymer material; and
wherein the expandable implant is configured to retain expansion of the polymer plug substantially proximal to a distalmost end of the expandable implant within the body lumen.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the detachable link is disposed on the shape memory wire between a portion of the shape memory wire connected to the expandable implant and another portion of the shape memory wire.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the expandable implant includes a proximal radially expandable element and a distal radially expandable element connected by at least a portion of the shape memory wire and the polymer plug is a superabsorbent polymer contacting the shape memory wire between the proximal and distal radially expandable elements.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the expandable implant is a single radially expandable element and the polymer plug is a hardened liquid embolic material contacting the radially expandable element.